Reaction paper of Departures Essay Example

Response paper of Departures Essay Example Response paper of Departures Essay Response paper of Departures Essay Demise perhaps It was a certain something or possibly it was another. Yet at the same time, everything tumbles down to one man (or one lady) lying, holding up to amiably having themselves burled while their friends and family grieve, lament, or even significantly go about just as steal influenced as the commendation or the last gift is conveyed. In any case, that one relies upon culture, and perhaps the foundation of the expired. Yet at the same time the festival of somebody who died is viewed as divine birthday celebration. Passing is commended just as it was birth. Along these lines, planning is required and is in like manner applied. The conversation about the film Departures about the planning of the expired would be expounded through this, or my, response paper. The film Departures, grasps the social estimation of Japanese society In agreement about their dead. Flights was clever into its portrayal of the numerous features of life and passing. Despite the fact that this film about a man who lost his Job being a cello player in symphonic gathering and wound up with the act of setting up the dead, it is increasingly centered around indicating the exceptional entombment process in Japans culture. The hero named Adagio had a contention tit his companion and his significant other In the selection of his new position. I comprehended why his companion, alongside his better half had question about his work, on the grounds that, by and by, I additionally concur that It is surprising to work with the expired particularly help them in anticipation of their movement. Yet at the same time he remained in his ground and sought after his new position, always remembering his affection and enthusiasm for cello playing. At the point when he is discouraged after his significant other left him, he made as his enthusiastic outlet driving him to endure each spending day with the solidarity to work more enthusiastically and push ahead, Before I watched this film, I had no Clue cap the bodies were arranged legitimately before the family; sort of frightening In my assessment. This film is very vivacious in spite of Its concentration upon death. It Is an exceptionally pleasant film, you can get familiar with a ton of good exercises, as, consistently be set up regarding what will occur and appreciate each second with your friends and family before they are no more. This film has educated as, by and by, not to trust that any individual will go before really cherishing and acknowledging that they are so imperative to us. It had an astounding storyline that demonstrated the uniqueness of Japans culture. In the film, I saw ceremonies cap are just trailed by not many, yet are significantly esteemed since It speaks to the sendoff of an individual that was once living and breathing with us. In the wake of watching this film, I felt that I regarded for those individuals who are associated with memorial service forms, more than previously. It is a vocation that is frequently viewed as dull, discouraging and critical. In any case, this film likewise depicts this calling in a constructive light that permits us to regard the customary burial service process that remaining parts existent on account of the exertion these individuals. Distaffs shopping center Job can be called deficient, the film portrayed the specific importance of the term: custom of setting up the expired directed before lamenting relatives. This mind boggling process includes a nearly radicalized washing, fastidious prepping and cautious undressing and attire, again, of the perished. This done while uncovering a practically no skin to save the nobility of the dead. The demeanor or finish of this film is my top pick, when Mike, Adagios spouse, returned following a couple of months with the news that she was pregnant, trusting her unsound would change Into another Jon. However, seen was addle to acknowledge close to boa constrictors inversion when she handedly saw the Job Adagio had. She stood, an examiner of her significant other as he prepared a family companion and a proprietor of the shower house. It additionally debilitate me in light of the fact that the proprietor commended her last Christmas Just with a companion and not with her family. Simultaneously it drove me mad with her child that consistently constrained her to sell the shower house so he can manufacture an apartment suite on the spot. At the point when his mom passed on he apologized and said sorry to his mom, however it was at that point past the point of no return, can't hear her pardoning. In any case, the most contacting part was when Adagio observed his dad once and for all. He recalled the overlooked substance of his man, since he was as yet youthful when his dad fled with their server. He Just kept it himself that he was so furious to his dad. His mom was the one in particular who endeavored to raise him. However, when he saw him once more, he recovered his adoration for his dad, particularly when he notice the stone that the man were kept on his hands. The stone represents their vows to one another however not without a doubt, because of the explanation his dad fled with another young lady. Adagio, when he still youthful, he gave a little white stone and represents how unadulterated and cherished his dad He was the person who arranged his ether for his flight and excused him for what he had done previously. I truly like this film. The plot was conceivable and the topic was novel yet engaging. It is a sort of film that delineates culture, life and furthermore demise. Acknowledgment, lamenting and proceeding onward. It likewise convey the significance of time and pertinence. That piece of human obliviousness and self-importance that we ought to maintain a strategic distance from so as to disregard lament and to live cheerfully, satisfied and calmly before death really smacks us in face and gives of how we are more uncalled for than the real world. Along these lines, I presume that this film is really a film worth watching and gaining from.

Pampers

The organizers was James Gamble, a cleanser creator and William Procter, a flame producer and in Cincinnati in 1837. It is the maker of different ordinary family unit products. It is a key market pioneer inside the buyer 140 nations, creates more than 300 brands and has steadfast clients around the world. Organization three specialty units: excellence (33%), wellbeing and prosperity (21%), family unit care (46%). P&G conveys its products to sedate stores, mass merchandisers, participation club stores and supermarkets. Pampers† this is one of the most popular progressive results of the Procter and Gamble, established by Victor Mills. Spoils was particularly work to meet the moms need in imaginative item available which will help the wash of the material papers and furthermore spillage of them. This item came in the late sass's. Procter and Gambles advancement of the diaper changed the diapering propensities for purchasers around the world. Customers moved from buying the mat erial diapers to expendable diaper, which is smarter to youngsters' skin, helpful to store, and has a decent value contrasting and fabric diapers.The organization's authorities built up an extraordinary three-piece development to take up the wetness, apportion it reliably and transmit liquid to the cracked center without passing it passively to the skin. Procter and Gamble resuscitated something beyond accommodation simplicity and solace for buyers. Spoils brought medical advantages to babies who use Pampers. Clinical investigations have indicated that kids who use Pampers have drier skin, and less regular and less extreme diaper skin grumbling than the individuals who use material diapers.P diapers are currently conveyed to in excess of 80 nations around the world, with this speaking to a significant supporter of Procter and Gamble world benefits. (P, n. D. ) 1. 2 Core client gives The expendable diapers showcase is an entirely gainful. In ELK, there are around seven persevered thr ough and fifty thousand births for every year and the diapers are generally worn for a long time. It is speaks to a moderately short client lifetime for Pampers. The appearance of the Huggins challenges Pampers' strength of the conventional dispensable diaper advertise in 1991.Huggins had earned 17% of the market by 1997 and it is arriving at 30% in year 2000. Huggins kept on taking offer through a mix of serious estimating and item development. One of the qualities of Huggins was advanced forcefully utilizing their Mother and Baby Club and TV. Huggins boisterous be the market chief in the fall of 2001 which is appeared in development design projections. Numerous moms imagine that Huggins was the pioneer of market. At the point when they talked with, there was numerous conversation about most recent updates on Huggins.It mirrors the becoming stronger of the Huggins brand. Pattern investigation and shopper inquire about found that there are two key patterns influencing Pampers' effec t on the commercial center. The most forward-thinking data from companions, the Internet or print replaces the method of UK mums in the method of settling on choices and conventional dependence on counsel from wellbeing experts and guardians. Spoils are constrained by the multiplication of data channels to discover another approach to diminish the foundation clamor to arrive at potential clients. Diminish, 2012) To assemble deals and keep up client faithfulness by compensating the purchaser for buying their items, the client devotion programs are presented by Pampers which incorporate free examples, sweepstakes, deals advancements of coupons and prizes. Spoils utilizes direct advertising methodologies to keep up client faithfulness once a shopper turns into a Pampers part. The techniques incorporate sending handouts and leaflets with significant data about every advancement stage as the nonusers youngster develops while advancing their items that fit every specific stage.While teach ing the customer with important data relating to their developing kid, Pampers is working superbly at advancing its items. Guardians are offered the chance to impart their child's photos to the entire social field by Pampers. It is demonstrating advertisers that being the place your clients are the initial phase in wandering towards accomplishment in its â€Å"Love, Sleep and Play' crusade. It is propelled in July 1 and runs until August 6 in year 2013. This battle supports mothers and fathers living in North America to transfer photos of their infants cherishing, playing and resting to the brand's Faceable page.Then, Pampers will show the chose pictures on Twitter, the online exhibition pages and Faceable. The correspondence chief of North America for Pampers, Mary Woods says social is a regular habitat for the brand's clients since it's the place they effectively talk with different guardians, just as with the brand. She additionally says Pampers gathered in excess of 20,000 phot ograph entries in under three weeks of the crusade's dispatch. (Else Duper, 2013) 3. 0 Role of post office based mail according to other channel . Direr mail Pampers post office based mail bundle accompany an assortment of shapes and sizes, causing it to get one of the most adaptable direct showcasing media. An envelope, a pamphlet, a letter and a reaction gadget are remembered for a standard regular postal mail bundle. It is to propel the beneficiary to open the standard post office based mail bundle. The envelope must separate itself from other mail by its size, appearance and any duplicate that may be composed on it paying little mind to the volume of mail an individual gets. It gives the chance to legitimately address the interests and worries of the recipient.The advantages of the nitty gritty offer are typically explained by the letter. Beneficiaries can represent about the advantages of the proposal from the handout in letter. Delineated pamphlets are utilized to sell benefit s just as items. The letter must incorporate Response rates are commonly higher when it is isolated from the letter or handout. Beneficiary can react by means of phone, cost free numbers are in every case noticeably showed. The correct planning, the correct offer, the opportune individual and the correct configuration are factors in a fruitful direct advertising and it very well may be inspected in direct mail.Mailers can run a test mailing to decide the reaction from a rundown before â€Å"rolling out,† or mailing the whole rundown by utilizing PC innovations which can choose a randomized name test from any rundown. Regular postal mail gives the most savvy method of accomplishing the most noteworthy conceivable reaction corresponding to the next direct promoting media. Telemarketing is a lot of greatest expense per reaction however it ordinarily delivers a higher reaction rate. 3. 2 Role of regular postal mail has changed since the emerge of the Internet The job of standard mail has changed since the ascent of the web cause it moderate, costly and time consuming.There are new innovations which are CRY codes in these days. It permits a client to be taken from the printed piece to a web area by utilizing a versatile keen gadget outfitted with a camera and a web association. The advertiser profits by the physical traits of printed mail while utilizing the intensity of online encounters for fortification of the message, influence, and better change with this innovation. 3. 3 Role of TV (Interactive TV) Pampers utilize intuitive (TV) as correspondence strategy.Through the web, intelligent TV consolidates the emotive quality of TV promoting with the profundity and personalization accessible. It is the favored intelligent gadget in the home for these days and later on. At the point when the watchers are enrolled to get a bulletin, information will be caught. The bulletin can be messaged to PC or TV. Opportunity to see themselves and their infants on TV in the child exhibition or in the video territory discussing infant advancement issues: ‘real babies, genuine mums, genuine tips' are given to parents.It additionally offers customers the chance to sit a habitually posed inquiries zone and to give criticism. 3. 4 Role of Internet Procter and Gambles Pampers are acceptable buyers battle to build up and keep up separation from other expendable diaper brands percent. It is set up to increment in an assortment of ways, for example, Pampers site (wry. Spoils. Com) fundamental item by means of an Internet webpage. Spoils Perks unwaveringness program which shoppers need to gather focuses from Pampers diapers and wipes buy and trade them for the Sesame Street and Fisher-Price toys.Recently the clients are given an opportunity to in a Chrysler minivan loaded up with diapers through Pampers Fantastic Sweepstakes. There is a helpful method to send a flexibly of Pampers, for example, Fisher-Price toy to a companion are given in Pampers Gifts Pa cks. Spoils Parenting Institute gives exhortation from specialists in youngster care, wellbeing and advancement through Parent Pages and it conveyed by email and altered to each phase of life from the third trimester through age four. The reason for Pampers Parenting Institute as an open assistance crusade is to lessen the danger of unexpected newborn child demise disorder obvious driver.Pampers is the second most well known infant care locales on the web with hundred million one of a kind guests for every month as a result of the Pampers Parenting Institute. As indicated by Advertising Age, customers visiting the Pampers site are 30% bound to purchase viable. It give bound together interchanges which incorporates email, information transmission, texting, voice transmission and electronic conferencing administrations. Web conferencing with Live Meeting, Microsoft Live Communications Server usefulness and substance the board with Sharpening is different administrations that included. Microsoft Outlook and Microsoft Office Sharpening Server bolster various clients with meeting plans, shared schedules and post boxes and Sharpening records. Through contribution support for clients, Customer Relationship Marketing gives upper hand to association on a nonstop premise while concentrating on each client's needs and needs guaranteeing that these are fulfilled in the most ideal manner (Hut and Sped, 2004). This methodology are successf

A CPW Entry for Parents

A CPW Entry for Parents I know there are lots of parent blog readers out there lurking this entry is for you, and is specifically about CPW (regardless of whether youll be there). For the parents who will be attending CPW Were excited to have you as our guests! Here are some (hopefully) helpful hints for the weekend: Parent events: Parents have been a part of Campus Preview Weekend since its beginnings, so over the years weve honed our parent event offerings based on feedback, requests, and questions. Some of the parent events over the weekend include: The Welcome for Parents: Thursday night at 7:30, things get kicked off. The keynote speaker is Prof. Don Sadoway, who teaches MITs most popular freshman chemistry course. Hes great, youll love him. Financial Aid and Student Financial Services Session for Parents: Friday afternoon at 1pm, Director of Student Financial Aid Daniel Barkowitz will answer questions and talk about the hows, whys and whens of financial aid at MIT how we determined your financial aid award, when your supplemental forms are due, how to pay your balance, how to find on-campus student employment, and how your online student account will work. Student Life and Learning Panel for Parents: Friday afternoon at 2pm, there will be a panel of the top student life administrators at MIT: Professor and Dean for Undergraduate Education Daniel Hastings, Director and Head of MIT Medical William Kettyle, Senior Associate Dean of Students Barbara Baker, and Director of Security and Campus Police Services John DiFava. Parent Reception with Parent Connectors and Alumni Association: Friday evening, there is a nice reception with MIT alums and MIT parents. Insight for Parents by Parents: First thing Saturday morning, a panel of current MIT parents will be on hand to share their insights and answer your questions. Residential Living Advising Panel for Parents: Saturday morning, you can learn more about MITs unique (and very supportive) housing system. Faculty housemasters and residential life administrators will talk about the system and student experiences. And while there are no formal Boston/Cambridge tours planned, Id suggest making some new friends and going out to explore the city yourself. There are lots of great historic sites, restaurants, and shopping my parents love getting to visit me in Boston. The Parent Lounge: I hope youll take advantage of the Parent Lounge. The Parent Lounge will be in the Coffeehouse, on the 3rd floor of the Student Center, one floor above CPW Headquarters/check-in. Its a good place to relax, and to meet other parents. It will be staffed throughout the weekend by the MIT Parents Association who can answer many questions. For those driving to campus: Ive been living in Boston for 12 years now, and I dont own a car, and for good reason. Getting around on foot or via public transportation in Boston/Cambridge is extremely easy and efficient. I use the subway, which is safe and cheap, every day. Driving, on the other hand, can be extremely trying. Lots of one-way streets, very little parking, traffic. Many parents I talk to at CPW Registration who arent used to driving in Boston (or a similar city, like San Francisco or New York) are quite frustrated. I write this to warn you a bit, and to encourage you to plan ahead. Parking on or near campus is very difficult. There are very few parking spaces available for visitors during the day on Thursday and Friday (evenings and weekends are usually somewhat better). We recommend that you park at your hotel and make your way to campus from there. Please note that we cant provide transportation to or from your hotel call them and figure out your best way to get to MIT on public transportation. Most of you will drive to MIT on the Massachusetts Turnpike (Interstate 90). To get to the drop-off point from the Pike, follow I-90 east to the Cambridge/Brighton exit (exit 18). After paying the toll, follow the signs to Cambridge. Proceed through the stoplights at the intersection. You will cross the Charles River via the River Street Bridge. Continue straight on River Street for about 7/10 mile to Central Square (the next major intersection). Turn right onto Massachusetts Avenue and follow Massachusetts Avenue for about 7/10 mile. After you cross the railroad tracks, you will be looking at MIT the Great Dome and academic facilities are on the left, the dormitories and athletic facilities are on the right. Make a right at the third stoplight after the railroad tracks; the drop-off point is ahead on your right. For those flying to campus: On Thursday from 8am until 9pm, we will be running a free shuttle bus from Boston Logan Airport Terminal E directly to MIT. There are free airport shuttle buses that can take you from the baggage claim at your terminal to Terminal E. The MIT airport shuttle is a green Peter Pan bus with an MIT sign on the front windshield. We will also run shuttles from MIT back to the airport on Sunday from 6am until 2pm. At other times, there are other ways to get to/from the airport. The cheapest way is by public transportation (MBTA), taking the Silver Line bus to the Red Line subway, exiting at Kendall/MIT (cost: $2). The fastest and most convenient way is by taxi (~$35, including tolls tip). Food: I hope youll get a chance to try out different food options on campus. We will be providing a meal voucher to have dinner in one of the residential dining halls, and there will also be a special brunch on Saturday provided in the dorms by the Faculty Housemasters. Financial Aid Appointments: From 9am-5pm Thursday, Friday, and Saturday, the very nice financial aid officers will be taking 20 minute one-on-one appointments to answer your questions and help with financial aid issues. We will try to meet with as many families as possible throughout the weekend, but availability is limited. Sign up at CPW Headquarters/check-in to make an appointment. Were looking forward to seeing you soon! For the parents whose student (only) will be attending CPW First of all, rest assured, we will take good care of your son or daughter while they are here. They have been paired with a quality MIT student host and have a place to stay in an MIT living group. Here are a few (hopefully) helpful hints: Being in touch: The students tend to have a lot of fun during CPW, and sometimes forget to call home and check in. We recommend talking to your son or daughter before they leave about being in touch. We do provide for free phone calls in CPW Headquarters. Cell phones: If your student does not have a cell phone, but you do, you may want to consider loaning them the cell phone for the weekend. We have found that this makes it easier to coordinate and be in touch. Medical release form: Please sign and fax in the Medical Release Form ASAP. The form came in the March mailing with the other CPW materials, and is also available on the CPW website as a PDF. You can fax it to 617-253-4076. If you have questions about MIT: Were sorry we cant see you in person for CPW, but were happy to answer any questions you might have. Feel free to leave questions in the blog comments, or call our office directly, or email us, or send us a letter by carrier pigeon. We are here to help answer your questions, so dont hesitate to ask. and keep an eye on the blogs, you may see a familiar face! For parents who wont be at CPW, nor their student We still welcome a visit by your son or daughter, or you and your son or daughter, anytime. Between now and May 1, were happy to provide an MIT student host for an overnight visit (parent housing not included); have your son or daughter submit the Overnight Program registration on MyMIT. If you have questions about MIT: Were sorry we cant see you in person for CPW, but were happy to answer any questions you might have. Feel free to leave questions in the blog comments, or call our office directly, or email us, or send us a letter by carrier pigeon. We are here to help answer your questions, so dont hesitate to ask. Let us know how we can help bring the campus to you! Theres a lot more excitement between now and May 1, but for now, our attention is focused on CPW and the 1,000 members of the Class of 2012 who will be on campus. In the meantime, any last minute CPW questions?

United States Military Veterans During The War Of 1812

United States Military Veterans Veterans are important because they have given us our freedom from tyrants for the past 237 years. Vets fought against the oppressors from of England during the War of Independence and the War of 1812. They continue to fight today! The estimated amount of casualties from the War of Independence was around 50,000! That means over 50,000 people died to stop England’s tyranny, in just one of two wars! In attacking Americans in the War of 1812, England sent ten times as many troops in just the last six months, than they had during all the years before. That is how much the greedy British wanted to steal the United States of America from us! Had the Veterans not stood their ground, we would all be French†¦show more content†¦US Veterans are proud to have served, but what if they stop caring and sharing the need for Freedom and our Republic to the future? Value our Vets, as they have kept Liberty and Justice alive, and will hopefully continue to inspire those who might make the same sacrifices again tomorrow. Veterans in today’s United States are less than 1% of the over 300 million in this country. I think Veterans are important for this reason today, and every day! Please see how important they are like I do. In 1917, The United States declared war on Germany. The United States declared war on Germany because they broke the United States neutrality by attacking international shipping, and by sending the Zimmermann Telegram. That was World War One. On December 7, 1941, Japan made a surprise attack. The attack was on the Pearl Harbor Base in Hawaii. The attack of the Japanese was their way of declaring war against The United States. The next day, December 8, 1941, The United states declared war on Japan. That was World War Two. Veterans were important then. They are important to me now. And they continue to important to me and to you in the future. We have also helped protect the rights of foreign countries such as Korea and Vietnam. Some people call the Korean War, the Forgotten War. The Korean War was an active two-year war. There was never a Treaty of Peace and we still have over 28,000 troops there today.

Benefits Of Raising Minimum Wage - 1291 Words

In recent years, the demand for an increased minimum wage has erupted across the nation. During the ongoing debate, a few states, cities, counties, and companies have taken the initiative to raise the minimum wage of $7.25 per hour to the varying wages of $7.50-$11.50 per hour. According the United States Labor Department, 29 states and the District of Columbia pay above the minimum federal level of $7.25 per hour. The raising of the minimum wage has numerous supporters; however, there are individuals who are opposed. The analyzation of ethical theories, such as, utilitarianism, altruism, and egoism will be utilized to obtain a more significant understanding of the importance to raise the minimum wage to a livable wage. According to†¦show more content†¦Through the ethical theory of egoism, a business owner that pays their employees $7.25 per hour will benefit financially and the employees will suffer financially. In our country, egoism, is the most common business approach where the primary beneficiary is the owner and the owner has made his/her wealth from the exploitation of the company’s employees. The second ethical theory is altruism. Altruism is the belief that an action is morally right if the consequences of the action are more favorable than unfavorable to everyone except the agent that performed the action. In altruism, a company would pay its employees an excessive or larger wage than what the company can financially withstand and that would be financially irresponsible. Even though the employees would be paid a higher wage, the company would collapse under its finances and when the company fails everyone is unemployed. The greed of the company is vicious, and the greed of the employee is also vicious. If a business owner must pay their employees all their profits, it defeats the purpose of creating a business in the first place. Egoism is at the extremity of the company’s greed, altruism is at the extremity of the employee’s greed, and utilitarianism is a comprisable medium. Utilitarianism is the belief that an action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable then unfavorable to everyone. If the minimum wage was increased to aShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits Of Raising The Minimum Wage1656 Words   |  7 Pagesto be should the minimum wage be raised or should it be lowered or eliminated altogether. From where I stand minimum wage should be raised. Everyone is more successful when people are paid a living wage. Changes to the minimum wage would strengthen the economy and business, Lift Americans out of poverty, and will be unlikely to significantly impact prices. The only way to grow the economy in a way that benefits 90% is to change the structure of the economy. Paying people a fair wage is a sign of respectRead MoreThe Benefits Of Raising The Minimum Wage706 Words   |  3 Pages Minimum wage is a difficult number to decide on because it affects different income earning citizens in different ways. According to Principles of Microeconomics, by N. Gregory Mankiw, minimum wage is a law that establishes the lowest price for labor that and employer may pay (Mankiw 6-1b). Currently, the minimum wage in the United States is $7.25 per hour. For many years politicians and citizens have argued on what should be the minimum wage that would benefit the economy and society in generalRead MoreBenefits Of Raising The Minimum Wage908 Words   |  4 PagesIn our modern society one of the seemingly least controversial topics is the minimum wage. The popular opinion wants to raise the minimum wage, but is the popular opinion always right? Throughout recent years, politicians have made promises to raise the minimum wage to help low-income earners live a better life. Contrary to popular belief, raising the minimum wage actually hurts low-income earners and low-skilled workers. We must first define a low-skilled worker. A low-skilled worker does not meanRead MoreBenefits Of Raising Minimum Wage1757 Words   |  8 Pages Minimum wage has been a constant battle in the United States for decades. The ultimate goal is to put the American people in the best position possible to succeed and be the least limited. Many believe the immediate thought that higher wages equals higher standard of living and mitigating the poverty gap because more money will be in the hands of consumers, but this is a near sighted belief. The long term effects of raising wages not only will cause detriments of loss of employment, mistargetingRead MoreBenefits Of Raising Minimum Wage Essay2170 Words   |  9 PagesRaising minimum wage has become one of today’s most popular issues to debate. Minimum wage has not grown along with inflation throughout the years and it has caused many people to fall into poverty in the United States. But what is Minimum wage? It is the minimum pay a worker is entitled to for their labor. Meaning that it is illegal for employers to pay a worker less than the minimum with the exception of a few jobs like waitressing. On July 24, 2019 the The Federal Government set minimum wage atRead MoreBenefits Of Raising Minimum Wage1250 Words   |  5 PagesCreating jobs, raising minimum wage, donating to the poor are not going to erase the poverty out of the United States of America. The government defines poverty as the bottom fifteen percent of annual income. No matter what one does to increase a person’s income there will always be someone in poverty. Across America there are always charities, religious groups, and civic clubs who are giving to the poor--from food giveaways, clothing giveaways, free tutoring, free health screenings, whateverRead MoreBenefits of Raising the Minimum Wage Essay614 Words   |  3 Pagesemployee who works year-round is less than $16,000 (about $15, 080) according to the current federal minimum wage (Rebuilding). To put into retrospect how out-dated the federal minimum wage is, consider that the minimum wage of 1956 amounted to exactly $7.93 in 2009 (Henderson). How progressive is it that our nation’s workers being paid less today than workers from the 50’s? The federal minimum wage should be raised in order to assist families out of poverty, to ensure the effort and loyalty of workersRead MoreThe Benefits of Raising the Federal Minimum Wage1334 Words   |  6 PagesPicture this: You are a single parent of two, you work 40 hours a week plus occasional overtime at a minimum wage paying job, you struggle to put food on the table to feed your family, and then you receive a call from the bank saying that your home is being foreclosed. This is the situation faced by thousands of Americans every year due to low income and wealth inequality. The federal minimum wage (FMW) as of April 2014 is $7.25, which is not enough to keep a family of two above the poverty line.Read MoreRaising Minimum Wage Will Benefit Our Economy1576 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many people who will debate whether-or-not raising minimum wage will benefit our economy. Money is what helps us survive and acquire our necessities of life. Most children are instilled with the thought that going to school, getting a good education, and obtaining a good job would guarantee success and happiness; although everyone does not have that privilege, and may end up with lower paying jobs. Almost anyone can get a job at a fast food restaurant, clothing store, or any general jobRead MoreRaising the Minimum Wage: A Counter-Intuitive Solution Essay753 Words   |  4 PagesWhile some believe that raising the minimum wage will resolve poverty issues and lack of pay with the signing of legislation, the raising of the minimum wage to $10.10 an hour (as advocated by President Obama and the Democrats) would cause the poverty issue to be worse than it already is; inflation would occur, employees would be laid off, and minimum wage employees would lose welfare benefits, thus offsetting the wage increase. The Government should consider the effects on the American economy as

The 5-Minute Rule for Response to Terrorism Essay Topics

The 5-Minute Rule for Response to Terrorism Essay Topics The Definitive Approach to Response to Terrorism Essay Topics The hardest part is usually choosing the activity you would like to write about. For example, the terrorists could use phones and the web to practice command and control above a gunman or crowd. The key question now, however, is precisely how to proceed at the amount of strategy as a way to achieve desired objectives. On the flip side, there are several positive surfaces of the relation between media and terrorism. Where to Find Response to Terrorism Essay Topics During the last decades, numerous terrorist groups have come up around the world and it has grown into a global issue. Media coverage of different events which are causing more harm on the planet shouldn't be neglected at the cost of media marathons discussing the cruelties of terrorists. Today, terrorism isn't just the issue of India, but in our neighboring country also, and governments around the world are earning a lot of effort to handle it. It's apparent that the domestic terrorism is still one of the most dangerous menaces that jeopardizes national security and is quite hard to combat. Subsequently, longitudinal research would be necessary to test coping through the whole expatriation experience. Therefore, students must work quite difficult to be able to think of a practical solution for virtually any problem. Learning There are many procedures and approaches to learning and grasping the very same materials. Such notification ought to be made promptly upon discovering the sensitive temperament of the essay. These topics will be helpful for individuals who need to compose essays about the subject mentioned above in the shape of a normal job. When it's in the social sciences or humanities, a fundamental synopsis that focuses on your principal argument is going to do. Before beginning writing, often it will help to read a number of example essays. Don't forget your essay needs to be personal in nature and not merely an argumentative essay. Hence, you've been provided with the simplest topic for problem solution essays, you can decide on any on of the above mentioned and get started writing your essay very quickly. Following are a few of the advised sociology essay topic for those students that are unable to decide on a great topic for their assignment. The New Angle On Response to Terrorism Essay Topics Just Released Make sure to follow along with the crucial guidelines for certain source types that you have to follow. Media represents an important tool of impacting a large number of people at one time. Business Insider is the greatest business news site on the internet. Thus, the limitations to the author's study are the new perspective of contemporary terrorism, which need to be closely investigated in order to stop the rise of the thr eat. He claims that the bureaucratization is one of the main causes of antiterrorism actions. Moreover, he concentrates not only on the terrorist notion statement but also sociological response the humanity has to the threat. Thus, the authors offered the problem of risk and fear theory for additional theoretical research on causes of terrorism. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Response to Terrorism Essay Topics Connected to terrorism incidents over the previous two decades, UK hasn't been exempted from being targets by violent extremists. Forms of terrorism in various parts of the nation and abroad Today, terrorism is not just the issue of India, our neighbouring nation, and governments across the nation are making a good deal of effort to manage it. Regional terrorism has become the most violent among all. There exist various kinds of terrorism in various parts of the nation and abroad. You will have to be knowledgeable about the five forms of terrorism. To conclude, terrorism is a kind of violence that encourages using weapons and tactics particularly circumstances or even campaigns of terrorism. Political terrorism is quite a bit more crucial than criminal terrorism because it's carried out by well-trained persons. Combatting domestic terrorism is also a possibility through the initiation of multiple programs for the police officers which will help them to integrate in the society. What You Must Know About Response to Terrorism Essay Topics Bear in mind, the readers are accustomed to the book you may be speaking about. Therefore, students who study industry and other relevant subjects may be interested in writing on a number of the subsequent topics. Some topics aren't simple to address and there isn't much information available about them, on the flip side, there's a plenty of material available on a number of the research essay topic but the issue is that they are rather common. These topics are supposed to help students identify some helpful sources. When discussing gender equality topics, it's vital to follow certain rules not to abuse a specific kind of readers. When you pick a research topic, make certain it is one which you understand and have a firm grasp on. Among the factors involved with deciding on a topic is the way much emotion is going to be felt by the reader upon reading the thesis. When many diverse viewpoints exist, developing a structured argument in favor of a certain approach may call for a myriad of supporting book and journal titles. Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Response to Terrorism Essay Topics To conclude, it can be ascertained that terrorism truly is a significant worldwide threat that ought to be combated by all usually means utilizing well-established emergency response plans. Utilizing a zombie apocalypse to illustrate the demand for emergency preparedness isn't a new idea. Look here for steps you may take to get ready for an emergency. Make certain you know what things to do in a crisis!

Brave Essay Example For Students

Brave Essay It has been said that Muhammad is the Seal of the Prophets, meaning that he was the last. However, our world has recently been graced by another prophet in Aldous Huxley. Huxleys prophetic vision is unmistakable in his science-fiction novel, Brave New World, in which he delivers a valuable message: control advancements in technology before they control us. Huxley supports this message with a strong example of a society that is so overrun by technology that the human race has lost their individuality, freedom, and ultimately their identity as human beings. In this Brave New World, artificially-born humans are genetically engineered, divided into castes, molded into machines through hypnopaedia, and controlled by the drug Soma. The new world appears to be a perfect utopia on the surfacethere is no disease, no warfare, and no sadness. However, the humans have sacrificed thought, feelings, free will, and everything which makes one human to achieve this state. Through Brave New World, Hux ley teaches us that these sacrifices are far too great and will eventually occur if humans continue to misuse technology in the future. Huxleys warning in Brave New World carries so much weight because of the truthful predictions he includes in the novel. Despite being written in 1932, Huxley predicts genetic engineering, test-tube babies, cloning, a loss of meaning in sexual relationships, and drug abuse. All of these predictions were far beyond his time, and all have either come true or are on the brink of occurrence. The most significant of these is his presentiment that production, not childbirth, will be the process in which humans are brought into this world. Just as Huxley predicted, scientists can now produce humans outside of the womb, and soon the cloning of human beings will be feasible. The concept of producing humans without parents is the foundation of the Brave New World that Huxley urges us to avoid. In Brave New World, Huxleys forewarning of the manufacturing of hum ans reveals the devastating results that our misuse of advancing technology can bring upon mankind. In Brave New World, Huxley prophetically predicts the mass-production of humans. Huxleys prediction begins with the first chapter, where the Director of the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Center gives a tour to prospective employees. The Director explains to them the Bokanovsky Process. In the Bokanovskys Process, a bokanovskified egg will bud, will proliferate, will divide. From eight to ninety-six buds, and every bud will grow into a perfectly formed embryo, and every embryo into a full-sized adult.1 Before, one egg resulted in one human, but now ninety-six twins are being produced from one egg. The Director also explains that with Podsnaps Technique, a facilitated ripening process, you get an average of nearly eleven thousand brothers and sisters in a hundred and fifty batches of identical twins, all within two years of the same age.2 This process allows fertilized eggs t o be produced in mesmerizing numbers. After these eggs are fertilized, they develop in the bottling room, where all the embryos grow in tubes. Like Model Ts on the assembly line, the bottles are transported on conveyor belts that stretch almost half a mile, where at every meter the embryo is specifically conditioned for its future role. After two-hundred and sixty-seven days, the babies are decanted, which is the equivalent of birth. The result? Thousands and thousands of virtually identical babies, all conditioned and predestined for a specific lifestyle. This controlled mass-production of babies in Brave New World possesses several results which appear beneficiary. As the Director states, Bokanovskys Process is one of the major instruments of social stability!3 In Brave New World, Bokanovskys Process allows the controllers to create a multitude of identical humans, perfectly suited for each social class. When all the humans are alike and conditioned to be content with their social class, it leaves no room for conflict, and therefore stability results. The motto of Brave New World, Community, Identity, Stability, is maintained by this process. Also, the humans are free from disease as well as from unintentional retardation and disabilities, and there is always a sufficient source of reliable workers. On the other hand, there are many implications which result from mass producing humans. One is the loss of the meaning of life. In Brave New World, the miracle of child birth is now considered an obscene joke. Having children has gone from a sacred, precious cycle of life to a mere race between factories. In addition to this, families are unheard of, and the idea of having parents is simply incomprehensible for the people of the new world. To them, every human is the product of a tube. Also, with such a huge amount of identical humans, the identity is abolished. Everyone is the same, and no one is unique. These Ninety-six identical twins working ninety-six identi cal machines4 have as much heart and soul as the piece of metal they operate. Huxleys purpose in Brave New World is to warn us of these grave consequences. The most frightening aspect of Huxleys prediction of cloning is that it is coming true in our lives today. The cloning era began in 1952, when the first animal was cloned by Robert Briggs and Thomas King. These scientists duplicated simple tadpoles from tadpole cells.5 This event sparked a series of discoveries and a movement of cloning research, and soon more and more complex species were being reproduced. Just recently a sheep was cloned by Scottish scientist Ian Wilmut and his colleagues at the Roslin Institute on July 5, 1996.6 This event awakened the world at the possibilities of cloning, and that cloning humans was just a step away. As of now, a human has not been cloned. However, scientists state that cloning a human is entirely possible. There are two ways to clone a human. The first method consists of splitting and embry o into several halves. This in turn will create several sets of identical twins, or clones. The second method is more complicated, utilizing somatic cell nuclear transfer technology. Basically, it consists of taking cells from an already existing human being and cloning them by taking the nucleus of a cell, with the DNA, and injecting it into an egg or ovum whose nucleus has been removed. Therefore the resulting embryo will posses every characteristic of the person whose cell was used as the substitute, creating an exact duplicate.7 One of the greatest concerns of cloning is determining its legality. The only two countries which have completely banned cloning are England and Norway. Cloning is not illegal in the United States. Only three states, California, Michigan, and Rhode Island, have taken measures to ban cloning.8 Despite the legality of cloning in the US, shortly after the announcement of the cloning of the sheep, President Bill Clinton issued a moratorium banning all federa l support of cloning research. This does not, however, ban support given by private sources, nor does it entirely prevent cloning research and experimentation from taking place.9 As of now, the legality of cloning in the US. is determined by the federal government. Currently there are no laws preventing cloning, but in the near future cloning bans are expected to be passed by Congress. However, much controversy surrounds this topic. Some say the banning of cloning violates the First Amendment of the Constitution, preventing researchers their right to academic freedom. As scientists get closer and closer to cloning a human, the legality will definitely become a primary issue and be a deciding factor in its effect on mankind.10 Despite the multitude of ethical, religious, and moral concerns cloning receives, there can be some benefits through its use. One positive use for cloning would be as a treatment for infertility. When parents are infertile, in-vitro fertilization may not always be available, so cloning would allow them to have a child. Also, parents with genetic diseases, such as sickle cell anemia or Down syndrome, will be ensured that their offspring will not possess these sicknesses. Another possible use would be to clone humans and store their organs as extras, so when someone needs a new kidney he or she will have a backup.11 Despite these useful possibilities, cloning can easily be detrimental to mankind. This is shown through the image in Brave New World. As stated before, whether or not the government puts firm regulations on cloning will determine what path humans go down. If humans allow cloning to freely occur, we will further travel down the path Huxley warns us of taking. Having a baby will soon lose its meaning, and in turn life itself will lose its meaning. A select few individuals will gain control over cloning, and will produce an obedient race at will. These individuals will assume the role of God, and soon the human race will be drones. Humans will be machines with no feeling, free will, or uniqueness; instead; they will be created solely for serving a purpose purely beneficial to the creator. The world will be free of war, disease, and chaos, but it will also be free of meaning, love, and humanness. Cloning is the most immediate problem regarding technology that we as humans face today. It will also prove to be the most consequential dilemma, as exposed in Brave New World. Huxleys predictions are coming true, and if we refuse to change, it will only be a matter of time before our world reaches the Brave New World, the final destination of our path of self-destruction from which there is no turning back. Huxley was truly a prophet, and like all great prophets he carried a specific message that we must adhere to: as humans, we must learn to use technology responsibly. Bibliography: .udd02393353cf86d7e2f0b7bd6a40be91 , .udd02393353cf86d7e2f0b7bd6a40be91 .postImageUrl , .udd02393353cf86d7e2f0b7bd6a40be91 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udd02393353cf86d7e2f0b7bd6a40be91 , .udd02393353cf86d7e2f0b7bd6a40be91:hover , .udd02393353cf86d7e2f0b7bd6a40be91:visited , .udd02393353cf86d7e2f0b7bd6a40be91:active { border:0!important; } .udd02393353cf86d7e2f0b7bd6a40be91 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udd02393353cf86d7e2f0b7bd6a40be91 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udd02393353cf86d7e2f0b7bd6a40be91:active , .udd02393353cf86d7e2f0b7bd6a40be91:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udd02393353cf86d7e2f0b7bd6a40be91 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udd02393353cf86d7e2f0b7bd6a40be91 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udd02393353cf86d7e2f0b7bd6a40be91 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udd02393353cf86d7e2f0b7bd6a40be91 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udd02393353cf86d7e2f0b7bd6a40be91:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udd02393353cf86d7e2f0b7bd6a40be91 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udd02393353cf86d7e2f0b7bd6a40be91 .udd02393353cf86d7e2f0b7bd6a40be91-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udd02393353cf86d7e2f0b7bd6a40be91:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: History of beatles Essay

An Exploration of the Impact of Employer Motivation on Organisational Success The WritePass Journal

An Exploration of the Impact of Employer Motivation on Organisational Success An Exploration of the Impact of Employer Motivation on Organisational Success CHAPTER ONEIntroductionChoice of Research AreaBackground of StudyStatement of the ProblemAims of the ResearchResearch ObjectivesSignificance of StudyCHAPTER TWOLITERATURE REVIEWIntroductionTheories on Employee MotivationContent TheoriesWhat is Success?Factors of successLeadership in an OrganisationSUMMARY CHAPTER THREEMETHODOLOGYIntroduction Research PhilosophyResearch Method  Research DesignTypes of Research DesignExploratory ResearchDescriptive ResearchCausal Research (cause/effect)Target PopulationData GatheringQuestion FormatEthical ConsiderationResearch LimitationConclusion CHAPTER FOURAnalysis of DataIntroductionRespondent ProfileSummary CHAPTER FIVEDISCUSSION OF RESULTS AND ITS IMPLICATIONSIntroductionKey Research Areas and Results ObtainedCHAPTER SIXConclusionRecommendationsAreas of further studiesReference Related CHAPTER ONE Introduction This research Explores the Impact of Employer Motivation on Organisational Success, and how employers plan strategically for the well-being of its staff; to make them comfortable in their jobs, which will make them more effective and efficient. It also looks at what gives the employers satisfaction, and what motivates them.   These are important factors which will work in favour of the organisation. This study is based on a company called Greener Books Limited which at the moment uses Amazon the famous online company to retail their books. The company deals in used books and have been in business for approximately 5 years.   The books are of good quality and affordable. The company has been in the E-commerce industry for some time now, and has been competing well in the sector.   The researcher would like to investigate what has given the company its edge even in time of difficulty, to be able to weather the storm. The researcher will outline the objectives and significance in achieving organisational performance, its various limitations and a clear definition of motivation. The researcher will also demonstrate how if employers are well motivated, the impact it’s going to have on employees, and how it is going to contribute to the success of the organisation.   This will be shown after analysing the role of the employer, and the impact he or she will make on the organisation. Choice of Research Area The reason for this research topic is because the researcher feels not much has been discussed on employer motivation, and not a lot of researchers have been bold enough to venture into the area of employer motivation.   As many of the researchers feels employer motivation is all about making profit.   This research is going to prove employer motivation goes beyond making profit alone. Background of Study The study of this research is based on motivation, which is linked to Human Resource Management (HRM).   Human resource management can be defined as all management decisions and practices that directly affect or influence the people, or human resources, who work for the organisation. (Fisher et al. 2003).   It also looks at success and leadership in an organisation This research is going to provide us with information about employer motivation, as not much has been said about it before; the researchers aim is to fill that gap, as most theorists only talk about employee motivation.   Like Maslow who talks about the hierarchy of needs, that an individual would have to satisfy one need before he can go to the next level, or Alderfer, who like Maslow said that the individual needs are more a continuum than hierarchical level.   More than one need may be activated at the same time.   Herzberg went on to create his two-factor theory which is the hygiene factor and the motivators or growth factors.   Many more theorists discussed motivations of employee.   The researcher is going to discuss more in the literature review. This research project is looking at the aspect of motivation that most researchers don’t talk about, and why most people believes money is the only motivating factor for any employer.   The focus of this research is going to be on small businesses, as it will be easier for the researcher to get hold of the employers themselves. The researcher is going to be using qualitative methods in the analysis of this research because it provides more insight for this topic, and helps the researcher to understand employers better.   Questionnaires are going to be the form of data collection, due to word limitation for the whole research; the researcher would not be able to combine other data collection methods for this research. Statement of the Problem Why do people feel money is the only motivating factor for employers? One of the major problems facing employers is that people often feel that they go into the business mainly to make profit.   This is important to study because there are more to employers than making profit alone.   They also look for job satisfaction and esteem as any other employee, and that is why a lot has not been said about employer motivation. To find out the truth, and to change the perception of individuals towards employers, the researcher would have to speak to or ask a number of employers and owners of small businesses in north-west London to help in this survey, by filling in questionnaires. Aims of the Research The aim of this research is to explore the impact(s) of employer motivation on organisational success, and how it affects the everyday activities and enhance productivity of Greener Books Limited to become a self sufficient online retail organisation.   The research will focus on small businesses in north-west area of London Research Objectives To identify the motivating factors employers have in owning a business. To identify whether it is more-rewarding to run a business, as opposed to working for someone else.   To change the perception of people towards employers. To highlight the significance of motivation in a business environment. Significance of Study This study is important for the following reasons: It will show that employers need to be motivated just as much as employee. It will show that employers and employees are motivated by different factors. It will challenge the perception that making a profit is the main reason employers set up a business. It study will change the idea people have about employers. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction For any business to be able to thrive in this present economy, it has to have a very strong base, which is their employee. However the employer must be able to motivate himself first before he can motivate his employees.   He has to have exceptionally good leadership skills.   Also have the ability to plan, organise and successful deliver the organisations requirements. He should have an idea of what and where he wants the organisation to be in the next 7 to 10 years.   He or she also has to be aware of their environments, both internal and external, and make it work in their favour.   There should also be a feedback system to show if the company is deviating from their initial goals and objectives. What is Motivation? Motivation is often seen as the cornerstone to any organisation; without motivation from employees or employers an organisation will struggle to compete, especially in times of economic uncertainty.   This section will give an understanding of motivation in the workplace and some of the theories behind it. Studies in motivation have shown it as the driving force within an individual, by which they attempt to achieve goals in order to fulfil some need or expectation. ‘’Motivation can be described as the direction and persistence of action.   It is concerned with why people choose a particular course of action in preference to others, and why they continue with a chosen action, often over a long period, and in the face of difficulties and problems’’(Mullins, 2005). On this basis, Mitchell defines motivation as ‘‘the degree to which an individual wants and chooses to engage in certain specified behaviours’’.   Bennett (1997) ‘’sees motivation as consisting of all drives, forces and influences- conscious or unconscious- that causes the employee to want to achieve certain aims’’.   Wilson and Rosenfeld (1990) said that ‘’motivation is characterised by a certain level of willingness on the part of an individual to increase effort, to the extent that this exertion also satisfies some need’’. Rudolph and Kleiner (1989) proposed a more detailed definition stating that the needs and expectations at work fall into two categories, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.   Intrinsic motivation is related to psychological rewards such as opportunity to use one’s ability, positive recognition and receiving appreciation.   The psychological rewards are those that can be determined by the actions and behaviour of individual managers.   Extrinsic motivation on the other hand, is related to tangible rewards such as salary and fringe benefits, security and promotion, contract of service.   Such tangible rewards are often determined at the organisational level and may largely be outside the control of the individual manager. As can be seen there are various definitions of motivation, however all of them agree in that motivation is resident within the individual, however motivation is clearly linked to a desired outcome. Even though Rudolph and Kleiner’s definition includes external factors it is not clear how these contribute or inhibit motivation. Theories on Employee Motivation There are many competing theories which attempt to explain the nature of motivation.   All of them have been criticised and don’t seem to be able to fully explain motivation in relation to people’s behaviour.   Some of these theories are introduced below. The usual approach to the study of motivation is through an understanding of internal cognitive processes, that is people’s feelings and thoughts.   These cognitive theories of motivation are usually divided into two contrasting approaches: content theories and process theories. Content Theories Content theories provide a link between individual needs and work rewards.   They offer a perspective based upon the relative value people place upon various rewards (Wilson and Rosenfeld, 1990).   ) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Model was originally published in 1943 (Mullins, 2005).   Maslow’s basic preposition is that people are â€Å"wanting beings†, wanting more after each achievement.   He suggests that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy of importance. Maslow identified eight innate needs, including the need to know and understand, aesthetic needs, and the need for transcendence.   However, the hierarchy is usually shown as ranging through five main levels. From the bottom to the top of the pyramid these are as follows. Physiological needs include homeostasis (the body’s automatic efforts to retain normal functioning) such as satisfaction of hunger and thirst, the need for oxygen etc. Safety needs are physical security, freedom from pain or threat of physical attack, protection from danger or deprivation, the need for predictability and orderliness. Love needs include affection, sense of belonging, social activities, friendship etc. Esteem needs are self-respect and the esteem of others, also the desire of confidence, strength, independence and freedom, and achievement. Self-actualisation is the development and realisation of one’s full potential. Maslow sees this as: ‘What humans can be, they must be’, or ‘becoming everything that one is capable of becoming’. However, Bennett (1997) criticised Maslow’s theory that needs are individual and can vary from person to person depending on social influences, cultural backgrounds and traditions or can even be suppressed by cultural or social pressures.   In relation to this Maslow did not specify the source of needs, which could be biological, trans-cultural or conditioned behaviour.   Also, whereas Maslow arranged his needs hierarchically, they could also exist at the same time or in a different order.   Furthermore Maslow’s theory states that people will only seek to achieve higher-level needs once lower-level ones have been satisfied.   Many people, however, are actually conscious of higher needs even though their fundamental physiological needs have not been fully met.   In a consumer society, the poor may yearn for status symbols even though they are unable to satisfy their immediate requirements. Alderfer (Mullins, 2005) went on to modify Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, his model condensed it from five levels of needs into only three levels based on the core needs of existence, relatedness and growth (ERG theory). Existence needs are concerned with sustaining human existence and survival, and cover physiological and safety needs of a material nature.   Relatedness needs are concerned with relationship to the social environment, and cover love or belonging, affiliation, and meaningful interpersonal relationship of a safety or esteem nature.   Growth needs are concerned with the development of potential, which covers self-esteem and self-actualisation. Like Maslow, Alderfer suggests that individuals’ progress through the hierarchy from existence needs, to relatedness needs, to growth needs, as the lower level needs become satisfied.   However, Alderfer conceptualises these needs as continuum rather than hierarchical levels.   More than one need may be activated at the same time.   Individuals may also progress down the hierarchy.   There is a frustration-regression process (Mullin, 2005).   Unlike Maslow’s theory, the results of Alderfer’s work suggest that an individual does not have to satisfy a lower-level need before he can start thinking of a higher-level one. However, similarly Alderfer’s theory does not offer further explanations of sources of needs or how they are formed and influenced. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory is based on his original study, which consisted of 203 accountants and engineers, who were interviewed because of their growing importance in the business world.   Professor Herzberg (Oakland, 1993) carried out investigations into the factors affecting job attitude.   From an analysis of his findings, he hypothesised that the things that lead to satisfaction and dissatisfaction are not equal and opposite.   He labelled the satisfying factor motivators or growth, and the dissatisfying factor hygiene or maintenance.   Herzberg’s hygiene factor relates to the condition of work rather than to work itself (Bennett, 1997). Proper attention can prevent dissatisfaction, but does not create a positive attitude or motivation by itself, How people are treated at work. Salary.   Working conditions.   Supervision. Oakland (1993) stated that, to be motivated people need ability, which may require some training, and the opportunity to use that ability.   According to Herzberg there are another variety of factors such as job enrichment, feedback, self-checking and direction communication all aid motivation. Achievement.   Recognition of achievement.   Meaningful and interesting work.   Increased responsibility. Growth and advancement at work. King (1970) suggested that the two-factor theory is open to different interpretations.   He outlined four other interpretations, one being: motivators cause more satisfaction than dissatisfaction. Hygiene causes more dissatisfaction than satisfaction. However, if for example, hygiene are the predominant cause of both satisfaction and dissatisfaction, then the above hypothesis could be verified; but with hygiene rather than motivators having the greater effect on satisfaction. Thus any weaker version of the Two-Factor theory can result in situations contradictory to the general intent of the theory. Shipley and Kiely (1988) seriously challenge the worth of Herzberg’s theory to industrial sales managers.   Its application by them would result in a less than wholly motivated and at least partially dissatisfied team of salespeople. Despite the criticism, there is still evidence of support for the continuing relevance of the theory.   Phillipchuk’s (1996) based his study on a small sample of engineers within a single company in Canada. He attempted to replicate Herzberg’s study in today’s environment.   Herzberg’s methods still yield useful results.   Respondents did not offer any new event factor from the original study although some old factors were absent.   Salary and working conditions were not mentioned as a satisfier or a dissatisfier, and advancement as a satisfier did not appear.   The top demotivator was company policy and the top motivator was achievement. According to Crainer and Dearlove (2001) Herzberg’s work has had a considerable effect on the rewards and remuneration packages offered by corporations.   Increasingly, there is a trend towards ‘cafeteria’ benefits in which people can choose from a range of options.   In effect, they can select the elements they recognise as providing their own motivation to work.   Similarly, the current emphasis on self-development, career management and self-managed learning can be seen as having evolved from Herzberg’s insight. A fairly recent theory of motivation comes from Professor Reiss (Reiss, 2000) a professor of psychology and psychiatry at Ohio State University. After conducting studies involving more than 6,000 people, Reiss found that 16 basic desires guide nearly all meaningful behaviour.   These desires are power, independence, curiosity, acceptance, order, saving, honour, idealism, social contact, family, status, vengeance, romance, eating, physical exercise, and tranquillity.   These desires are what drive our everyday actions and make us who we are, Reiss said.   What makes individuals unique is the combination and ranking of these desires.   He said at least 14 of the 16 basic desires seem to have a genetic basis. Only the desires for idealism and acceptance dont appear to have a genetic component’’.   Most of these desires are similar to those seen in animals, and seem to have some survival value, Reiss said. This indicates they are genetic in origin. The research is bound to be controversial with many researchers who have tried to reduce all human behaviour to just one or two basic desires such as pleasure, pain or survival or who say that that there are some desires that all people share equally.   Looking at how people differ in these 16 desires, Reiss said he concluded that we are individuals to a much greater extent than psychologists have previously realised. For example, he said our educational system is built on the premise that all children are naturally curious (curiosity is one of the 16 basic desires) and have the same potential desire for learning, but he found that people can differ quite a bit in their maximum potential to enjoy learning. Not everyone is naturally curious, Reiss said. A child may be very smart, but still not be interested in school. But our educational system cannot deal with the idea that there is someone who cannot enjoy learning and never will. Educators are making a mistake when they think all children were born with more or less equal potential to enjoy learning. He also said, parents of non-curious children should realize they will never be able to change their childs fundamental nature.   Its OK to be non-curious.   As long as the child is not flunking and is meeting some minimum standards, parents should ease up on their expectations.   By pushing a non-curious child to be more curious, all a parent is doing is ruining their relationship. The same goes for any fundamental desire, according to Reiss.   Workaholics may work a lot, not because they have some void or problem in their life, but because they have a naturally strong desire for power and status. The failure to understand individual differences causes problems in everything from marital relationships to co-worker interactions.   People know that other people have different values and pursuits, but they cannot understand how this can be.   Self-huggers waste enormous effort trying to change people who do not want to be changed. Reiss said the research that psychologists cannot boil down human experience to just one or two basic desires that we all share equally.   He noted that 2 trillion different profiles can be assessed by the Reiss Profiles. Every person has a unique desire profile, he said. What is Success? Fitzgerald (n/d) ‘’Success can be defined as the ability to work constructively in teams, develop and maximise others’ contribution and ensure commitment of the team towards overall goals’’.   ‘’It can also be defined as the ability to plan, organise and measure activities to ensure effective delivery of business requirements’’. Factors of success Harrison (2000) identified six critical success factors for career development: It must embody a transparent process owned by line manager. It must be a process that can evolve through time and is integrated with existing HR systems. It must comprise a system based on full information about people’s career expectations and about the needs of the organisation. There must be a measurement of standards to show whether the system works. There must be clear communication about development processes and responsibilities to all employees and provision of all employees of relevant and full information about career path. There must be support for employees in planning and developments. Leadership in an Organisation Leadership, according to Doherty and Horne (2002) â€Å"is a relationship through which one person influences another† and also â€Å"according to Useem (2001) leadership is a matter of making a difference’’.   It entails changing an organisation and making active choices among plausible alternatives, and depends on the developments of others and mobilising them to get the job done. Leadership theory and research have increasingly centred on leaders as good at articulating, communicating visions, empowering people and developing the trust of their followers (Peters and Waterman (1982).   Further to this, Joyce (1999: 88) adds that a good sense of timing, personal ‘drive’ and the ability to handle the emotional aspects of strategic change are fundamental qualities a good strategy oriented leader must possess. Strong leaders can lead to both success and failure of any organisation.   There is ample evidence from firms which have turned round and escaped from the jaws of decline due to the tireless effort a strong leader (Pettigrew, 1985).   They can also lead to a strategy which will ‘over-extend’ the organisation with rapid growth followed perhaps by divisionalisation, but which is uncontrolled or simply in the wrong strategic direction SUMMARY The overall success of any organisation, relies mainly on its employees, and for organisation to achieve their aims and objectives, their staff have to be in a good frame of mind, so that they can be very efficient and effective in their job descriptions. For the staff to be well motivated, the employers themselves must be motivated as well, because without a well motivated and focused employer, the employees might not have a conducive environment to work in. After conducting the research, the researcher noticed that not a lot, if any, had been said about employer’s motivation.   The entire theorist has only focused on employee motivation. The researcher is going to investigate how employers get motivated; he is going to conduct this by issuing out questionnaire to employers.   Feedback from the questionnaires will allow the researcher conclude his analysis. CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY Introduction In this methodology, the researcher is going to discuss the different components that makes up the chapter, they include, research philosophy, research methodology, research design, research method, target population, question format, ethical consideration, research limitation and conclusion for the chapter. Research Philosophy Saunders et al. (2003) stated that research philosophy depends on the way that you think about the development of knowledge.   They are three views of literature that dominate the research process; these are positivism, interpretivism and realism.   They are different, if not mutually exclusive, views about the way in which knowledge is developed and judged as being acceptable.   All three have an important part to play in business and management research. For this research the researcher is going to focus on interpretivism process, because in business and management, not only are the situations complex, they are also unique. The researcher is going to be dealing with a number of employers to find out what motivates them, because of this, the researcher would not be able to generalise as we keep being told that the business environment is not constant. With the interpretivism process, the researcher would be able to understand the situations in details and the reality working behind them. The researcher could have used positivism or realism for this research, but both of them are not suitable for this research, because for positivism it is more standardised and law abiding, while realism is based on a reality that exists independently of human thoughts and believes.   In the study of business and management this can be seen as indicating that there are large-scale social forces and processes that affect people without them being aware of the existence of such influence on their interpretation and behaviour. (Saunders et al 2003). They both underpin the collection of data and the understanding of that data, they both do not suit this study where the researcher is to interpret the data and bring in some ideas according to own understanding. Research Method According to Jankowicz (2000), ‘‘Research method is a systematic and orderly approach taken towards the collection and analysis of data so that information can be obtained from those data.’’ Research methods are the techniques used in gathering evidence, and also the various ways of preceding the information.   (Harding, n.d). The individual purpose in doing the research will dictate when and how it is undertaken.   The goal will thus vary but publication in one way or the other is essential. There are two main kinds of research methods, which are Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods. According to Brocklehurst and Gates, in O’Brien and Pipkin(1999) in broad terms said, Quantitative research is concerned with enumeration; for example, measuring whether an exposure leads to an outcome and, if so, by how much that outcome is increased, or measuring the size of an effect of the new intervention.   Quantitative research is concerned more with why social factors lead to change in outcome or how an intervention is effective. As mentioned in the previous paragraph, quantitative research only measures the number of individual’s feelings, and how they think or operate in a certain way. Such surveys require huge samples – for examples above 50 interviews or questionnaires. These questionnaires are structures in a way that they answer the research objectives of the study, as a result there are numerous tools used to gather all this valuable information but the regular methods used are the street and the telephone interviews. Having looked at quantitative research, the researcher will now analyse qualitative research. Qualitative Research is done after gathering all the information from the questionnaires, telephone interviews or internet survey. The data collected is then used to analyse the study in a well planned manner, where the researcher will make final conclusions based on them. Qualitative research draws the final concrete conclusion of the study which gains insight into the participant’s attitudes, behaviours, concern, motivation, culture, background, communication, and survey and value systems. Qualitative research involves any analyses of unstructured bits and pieces of data which includes feedbacks from customers in a form of reports, questionnaires and media clips. With the two research methods available to the researcher, the researcher decides to use the qualitative methods, because this method provides more in-sight for the research, and gives the researcher a better understanding of what motivates employers. Qualitative methodology and case studies provide powerful tools for research in Strategic Management and business subjects, including general management, leadership, marketing, organisation, corporate strategy, accounting and more.   Particular attention should be paid to the study of decision making, implementation and the change processes within companies and other organisations.   (Gummesson, 2000) Although both quantitative and qualitative methods are used for data collections in case studies, the latter will normally predominate in the study processes in which data collection, analysis, and action often take place concurrently.   (Gummesson, 2000) Qualitative analysis allowed the researcher to investigate some of these concepts rather than standardised measures of the quantitative approach.   Research Design ‘‘A research design is a framework for conducting the research effectively.   It involves the procedures necessary to obtain the information needed to structure or solve the research problems.’’ (kotler et al. 2006). Types of Research Design Exploratory Research Descriptive Research Causal Research (cause/effect) Exploratory Research Exploratory research is a valuable means of finding out ‘‘what is happening; to seek new insights; to ask questions and to asses phenomena in a new light’’ (Robson 2002).   It is particularly useful if you which to clarify your understanding of the problem.   There are three principal ways of conduction exploratory research: A search of the literature; Talking to experts in the subject; Conducting focus group interviews Exploratory research can be linked to the activities of a traveller or explorer (Adams and Schvaneveldt, 1991).   Its great advantage is that it is flexible and adaptable to change.   If you are conducting exploratory research the researcher must be willing to change direction as a result of new data that appears and new insight that occur along the way. Adam and Schvaneveldt (1991) reinforce this point by arguing that the flexibility inherent in exploratory research does not mean absence of direction to the enquiry.   What it does mean is that the focus is initially broad and becomes progressively narrower as the research progresses. Descriptive Research The object of descriptive research is ‘‘to portray an accurate profile of persons, events or situations’’ (Robson, 2002).   This may be an extension of, or a forerunner to, a piece of exploratory research.   It is necessary to have a clear picture of the phenomena on which the research intends to collect data prior to collection of the data. (Saunders et al. 2003) Saunders et al. (2003) went on to say, project tutors are rather wary of work that is too descriptive.   There is a danger of their saying ‘That’s very interesting but so what?’ They will want the researcher to go further to draw conclusion from their data.   They will encourage the researcher to develop the skills of evaluating data and synthesising ideas.   These are higher-order skills than those of accurate description.   Description in management and business research has a very clear place.   However, it should be thought of as a means to an end rather than an end in itself. Causal Research (cause/effect) Causal designs differ from descriptive designs in their greater probability of establishing causality. The reason for this is that causal designs are similar to experiments done in the lab; it is often difficult to determine because of the influence of other variables.   Causal designs are also known as experimental designs.   It is undertaken with the aim of identifying cause and effect relationship among two or more variables. For this research project the researcher is going to make use of exploratory research method, because it is the only method that can help the researcher clarify the ambiguous problems facing employer motivation. This method also provides a platform for the researcher to be able to explore in-depth about employer motivation, because most people think employer motivation is all about making money.   So with this method the researcher will find more knowledge sufficient enough to draw a conclusion that employer motivation goes far beyond just making money.   With this method the researcher will be able to explore and uncover basic viewpoints, perception, behaviour and attitudes. Target Population The target population for this research project is going to be organisations that are running on a small scale, from two (2) employees to about twenty-five (25) employees.   The reason for scaling down to small organisations is because the aim of the researcher is to be able to speak to the owner or rather issue out questionnaires to the owners of these organisations directly. Having considered speaking to large organisations, the researcher found out it might not be possible to be able to get hold of the actual owners of those organisations.   For this research project, the researcher is going to use make use of about twenty-five (25) organisation for the survey. Data Gathering There are many way to collect information.   The most common research methods are: literature searches, focus groups, talking with people, questionnaire, personal interviews and internet surveys etc. Among the research methods available to the researcher for this project, the researcher is going to make use of questionnaire method; this would make the researcher be able to analysis the data quickly.   Due to words limitation and time constraints, the researcher would not be able to combine other research methods in the analysis of this project. It took the researcher about three days to be able to gather all the data used for this research project Question Format For this research project, the researcher is going to make use of questionnaire; the questions were designed in accordance to the research objectives.   The question formats for this project are mainly going to be close-ended questions.   Also they are going to be some few open-ended questions.   A scale of a-d is going to be used to answer the questions (a. Strongly Agree  Ã‚  Ã‚   b. Agree  Ã‚   c. Disagree  Ã‚   d. Strongly Disagree).† Yes† and â€Å"No† questions would also be used to analyse what makes employers motivated.   The researcher did not opt to use â€Å"5 scale† as most respondents have a tendency of always choosing the middle answer (3) which is neither agree or disagree and in most cases it misleads the researcher.   The questionnaire would be given directly to the employers by the researcher, and explained to them the reason for the research, and give them a three day period for collection. Ethical Consideration Due to ethical issues and the sensitivity of people, the questionnaires were designed in a manner that does not require the respondents to mention their names, sex and other confidential information.   This is done to protect their identity and privacy.   The researcher also assured respondents that the information shared would not be given to a third party, that it is only going to be used for this research project. Research Limitation The greatest limitation was to find the actual owner of the businesses, because many of the organisations the researcher went to was managed by an employee. Secondly time constraint was another factor that affected the researcher; it took the researcher time to track the owner of the businesses to help fill the questionnaires. The researcher managed to overcome this limitation by share persistence, and was able to convince the employers how important this research project was to the completion his bachelor’s degree.   This made the employers create some time from their busy schedule to take part in this survey. Conclusion To be successful in any research project, the researcher would have to use the appropriate research method to analyse the data collected.   For this research project, qualitative research method was more suitable for the researcher, because the research method is more interactive, and the researcher got to understand how they are feeling. CHAPTER FOUR Analysis of Data Introduction In this chapter the researcher is going to collate and analyse the data collected from the employers of small organisations in the north-west area of London that took part in the survey organised by the researcher with the aid of a questionnaire. Through a detailed and careful analysis of the research data collected from the employers on what motivates them and how it leads to the success of their organisation, the researcher was able to gather crucial information’s about employers, and this data should change the perceptions of people towards employers that they only go into business for the monitory rewards.   The researcher has analysed, interpreted and presented the data in various forms in other to better understand and have a visual image of the analysis. Respondent Profile Table 4.1: Total Survey According to the (table 4.1) above, the researcher printed 25 questionnaires for the research project.   22 of the questionnaires were collected from the employers who took part in the survey; only 3 questionnaires were not recovered by the researcher due to unavailability of the employers, when the researcher went back to collect them.   The researcher had to make use the 22 questionnaires returned to analysis the primary data. Table 4.2: Employers Experience In (table4.2) above the researcher grouped the employers according to their years of experience in running their businesses. According to the above diagram in (figure 4.1) it better illustrates the percentage of employers that have been running their own businesses. The researcher grouped some questions together from the questionnaire; according to (table 4.3) this question addresses the business experience of the employers, how they feel and if the challenges of running their own business are worth the effort. Results from (table 4.3) shows that about 89% which is the vast majority of the employers agreed that it was tough at the beginning than expected, but are more satisfied running their own business and enjoy the different challenges everyday brings.   Only a fraction of the employers, just over 11% said it was not difficult at the beginning, because they took their time to look into the business before venturing into it. The researcher went on to ask the employers why they decided to set up their own businesses; about 59.10% of them said it was because they were fed up of the 9-5 routine, and wanted to do what they enjoyed.   The other 40.90% of them said they had never thought of working the 9-5 routine. The researcher then went on to one of the main question for this research project, is money the main motivating factor? Astonishingly over 80% of them said money was not a major factor, job satisfaction, providing services to people that they enjoyed ranked higher to them than just making profits. Fewer than 20% of them said money was the most important factor that made them decide to set up their own businesses; they could make huge profits running their own business, rather than work 9-5. The researcher went on to ask about staff motivation, and a lot of the employers seem very positive about employee motivation, they all agree their employee are all motivated one way or another.   The researcher then decided to ask specific question, 86.36% said their employees are better motivated because of job security and 13.64% said they are not.   For job satisfaction and sense of belonging the researcher found out the percentage there were the same, 81.82% said they were motivated due to the factors, while 18.18% said they were not. However there was a particular employer who believed his employee were mainly motivated by money, and the other factors were down their scale. The researcher also asked the employers if they have ever thought about motivating their employee, they all said yes, and gave their reasons. Training and re-training of employees came up a lot, some said they organised workshops for their staff, better pay incentives, healthy working environment, recognising excellent contributions to work, promotion per performance, bonus, and one employer said his business is run like a family, so he treats all his employees like family. When analysing the factors to consider in running a successful organisation (see table 4.4), the researcher used questionnaires measuring scale from a d to find out how employers feel about running their own business, perception of the public towards them and time management. Out of the entire participant, 81.81% of them agreed and strongly agreed that running their company was more challenging than when they were just employees in other organisation.   All the employers agreed that time management is very important if you want your business to run smoothly. Only 18.18% of the participants said work/life balance is not a problem, but the other 81.82% said its difficult combining both.   They all agreed it is time consuming, and very rewarding to know people enjoy the service they provide. The bar chart below would show the response of the employers, when asked if people have a wrong impression about them, that they are only in it to make money.   81.81% of them agreed and strongly agreed, but one employer in particular strongly disagreed that the public are right to have that impression The researcher left the final question open, saying any other information would be appreciated, but most of the respondent left the question blank.   Among the few that filled it, one said running your own business comes with 100% sacrifice, and the other respondent said, to be a successful business person, one needs to be focused. He said they have to be dedicated, disciplined and determined, which he calls his 3d slogan. Summary In summary, the results from the above analysis represents the more humane and conscious side of the employers, as most of them tend not to be go into business just because of the monitory rewards it provides.   As one employer told the researcher, there is more to business than just making money. CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION OF RESULTS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS Introduction In this chapter, the researcher is going to critically look at the analysis in chapter four, and link them up with the research questions in chapter one, this would make him be able to justify the research project. Key Research Areas and Results Obtained The researcher would look if he answered the question asked in the research question in chapter one, which were; To identify the motivating factors employers have in owning a business. To identify whether it is more-rewarding to run a business, as opposed to working for someone else.   To change the perception of people towards employers. To highlight the significance of motivation in a business environment. Several questions were asked in the questionnaire in relation to owning a business, and all the employers said job satisfaction was a high motivating factor for them setting up their business.   Also, due to the high level of customer appreciation towards the service they provided which also motivated the employer to remain self-employed. All employers agreed that it is more rewarding to run their own business rather than to be employed by someone else.   However most of them did face new difficulties with regards to time management and work/life balance to make sure their business ran successfully.   Also they were looking forward to the different challenges each day brings. What prompted the researcher to take on this research topic was the reaction he got from one of his lecturers, when asked what he thought about employer motivation; he just laughed and said money.   This got the researcher thinking that there has got to be more to employers than just making money.   The researcher was then surprised to find out when about 2/3 of the employers said money was not the reason they set up their business.   They all agreed that job satisfaction was the main reason why they did it, and they also enjoyed the challenges and satisfaction they gave to customers with the services they provided. The analysis in chapter four also looked at some part of employee motivation; the researcher found that most of the employers looked for ways to motivate their employees, either by training and re-training them, better pay incentives or bonuses.   These efforts from the employers made the employees have a sense of belonging, believing their jobs were secure, and were satisfied as well. CHAPTER SIX Conclusion The aim of this research is to explore the impacts of employer motivation on organisational success.   To also find out what motivates employers, as people often think money is the only reason that employers set up their business. The researcher is happy to say that the aim of the research set at the beginning of this study has been met; there were several questions he set out to answer at the start of this research which were: To identify the motivating factors employers have in owning a business. To identify whether it is more-rewarding to run a business, as opposed to working for someone else.   To change the perception of people towards employers. To highlight the significance of motivation in a business environment. The researcher took several steps to get to this stage, he did a literature review on the topic, chose an ideal method for the research analysis, and analysed the finding of the research. The literature review section covered what experts theorists have discussed on motivation, but the problem the researcher found was most of the theorists if not all failed to talk about employer motivation; all they did talk about was employee motivation.   This made the research more interesting, as the researcher ventured into unknown territories. Qualitative research method was used by the researcher to gather data, because it gave more insight to the study, and better understanding of employers.   The researcher was impressed with the findings, after close analysis of the questionnaires and the results obtained from it.   The researcher could boldly say there is more to employers than just making profit. Recommendations Areas of further studies Reference    Bennett, R. (1997), Organisational Behaviour, 3rd Edition, Financial Times Pitman Publishing Imprint. Great Britain. Crainer, S. and Dearlove, D. (2001), Financial Times Handbook of Management, 2nd Edition, Financial Times Prentice Hall. Doherty, T.L. and Horne, T.’ Managing Public Service: Implementing Change’ (2002). Harrison, R. (2000), 2nd Edition, Employee Development, CIPD. Joyce P.   (1999), ‘Strategic Management for Public Services’. 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