Environmental Factors Leading to Civilization Along the Nile Essay Example for Free

Environmental Factors Leading to Civilization Along the Nile Essay A. ) The two most significant environmental or physical geographic factors that contributed to the development and expansion of the United states had to be the Gold Rush, and the Irish Potato Famine. The Irish potato famine was devistating to Ireland and laid waste to its population, but ended up spurring Irish immigration to the United States, leading to both growth and expansion. The gold rush that took hold in the United States was one of the biggest factors that pushed people west and lead to a greater settlement of the west coast and all areas between. These two major events helped to shape the country that we know today. The Irish Potato Famine was one of the most significant environmental factors that helped develope and expand the United States because it not only lead to a population swell, but contrubuted to our work force due to the large number of immigrants that came to the U. S. as a result of it. Before the famine, the Catholic Irish peasents lived a very poor lifestyle and were constantly under fear of being evicted by their land lords as their farms were downsized and their rents were raised. They grew potato crops in the fertile Irish soil and used those crops to pay their rents and feed their families. This was many families sole source of income and nutrition. When the potato famine began in September of 1845, the potato crops failed universaly in Ireland, something that had never happened before. The poor Irish had been acustomed to a bad crop in a spot or two and they always had adjusted to circumstances before, and there was little loss of life over this previously. From 1845 and for the next 4 years, the crops would fail repeatedly and this caused wide-spread death, from both starvation and opportunistic infections such as typhus, that mowed people down by the thousands in their hunger weakend condition. There were many theories about just why the crops failed, both superstitious and religious, but we know now that it was the fault of a fungus, carried on the winds from England where it had been brough over by the North American ships. This fungus, phytophthora infestans, florished in the damp cool climate of Ireland and consistently ruined the potato crops. By 1847, two years into the Irish Potato Famine, people began to seek greener pastures either as a result of eviction, or the promise of a new and better life in the United States. There had been Irish imigration prior to this, but 1847 was really the first year where major waves of Irish families began to come to the United States. This lead to a population explosion on the eastern coast of the United States and the Irish immigrants who lived through the voyage found little welcome, often being taken advantage of and stolen from. The Irish immigrants brough with them new ideas about culture and religion and provided laborers for road work and other tasks that helped expand the United States. The Civil War is another event in wich the Irish took part. The immigrants joined the Union Army in droves and some atribute the northern victory in that war to the seemingly endless supply of Union troops, composed largely of the immigrant population flooding into the United States at that time. How different would our country be had the famine not happened and the immigrants not come? The other major event that contributed to the expansion and developement of the United States was the California Gold Rush. The Gold Rush was an exciting time in the history of the United States. It lead to a huge amount of expansion and settlement of the western-most poritions of the United States that were largely under-explored wilderness at that time. In May of 1848 gold was found along the banks of the American River near Sacramento, California. By August of that same year the New York Herald published an article about these findings, and so the Gold Rush was born! Men flocked to California to seek their fortunes in the hopes of a better life for themselves and thier families. They left their wives and children and came over land and by sea via Panama. Prospectors seeking to strike it rich brought with them their American ideals and values, and are a big part of the reason that California became a state in 1850. The California gold fields were an exciting and dangerous place to be, with few laws and really no way to inforce those that they had. Prostitution and drunken brawls and shootings were common place and many-a-fortune was won and lost in gambeling at camp. Most prospectors did not, in fact, strike it rich and left disallusioned to either go back to their families, or to settle the area around San Francisco. As a result of the Gold Rush, Californias population swelled from just 25,000 people to well over 220,000, when all was said and done. The population increase helped to settle the area and made San Fransico a major trade port for the Western United States as well as a gateway of sorts for travel and immigration. The influx of interest and travel in the west also paved the way for industries such as mining for silver in Nevada and the building of a transcontinental railroad to the west. The Gold Rush played a huge part in the expansion and development of the United States in that it had such an impact on California and the west. California and the west coast as a whole just wouldnt be what they are today had the Gold Rush not taken place. B. ) The most significant environmental or physical geographic factor that contributed to the development of Egyptian society was the Nile river. The area in question is made up of harsh, sandy desert and mountains. The river Nile flows down through this area and, due to the run-off from melting snow in the mountains each spring, carries with it rich, fertile soil that is really the only soil in the area suitable for crop production. The people in the area could use this fertile soil to plant crops and, based this new-found dependability, begin to settle and build permanent dwellings and villages. Since the villagers could count on two harvests per year, in most years, this would create and excess of product that could then be used for trade. The area near the Nile river is the only area that is very suitable for a sustainable way of life. That is why civilization grew up there due to the ability to grow crops, domesticate animals, and build permanent dwellings. People no longer had to be nomadic and search out food, they could grow and raise their own! The Nile also had a big impact on the religion of the time. Egyptian religion was ploytheistic and Egyptians worshiped many gods, usually based on nature. They had a sun god, a water god, an earth god, and so-forth. Each year when the Nile river flooded, this encouraged the belief in such gods and their devine will. The destruction that the flooding could cause was thought of as punishment for wrong doing and people created rituals to ward off the anger of their gods. A good crop grown from the soil brought down by the flooding was considered a sign of the gods pleasure with their people. The Niles influence could also be felt in its natural ability to be a trade route for Egypt. The arid desert climate makes it anything but an ideal area to travel through, and many found the river was a swift and cool route over wich to do business. The waters brought not only fertile soil for farming, but a measure of wealth and prosperity that contributed hugely to the growth and developement of the civilization. B1. One example of cultural diffusion is the relationship between Egypt and Rome. After being defeated by Rome, Egypt prospered as a province and was the main residence of Augustus Ceaser. This had a huge cultural impact on Egypt because Augustus began to rule the city under Roman laws and this was a whole new way of doing things. There are also the effects on Rome to look at. Egypt was a boon to the Roman Empire due to the trade routes through the desert, the abundant desert minerals that could be mined and later used to make statues and ornaments, and the glass that could be found in Egypt as well. One would have to wonder how different Grecian art would have been without the natural contributions that were made by Egypt. There was a natural diffusion that took place simply by co-existence with people of a different culture and background. The depictions of Egyptian people and gods began to look more Roman in dress and features and, likewise, the Egyptian architecture such as Obelisks became popular in Roman art and architecture.

Timing of the Emancipation Proclamation Essay Example for Free

Timing of the Emancipation Proclamation Essay Abraham Lincoln is considered today, to be one of the best presidents of the United States. However he was despised by many at the time of his election. When he was elected a number of states in the south insisted that they would not be governed by him and wanted to secede. By the time he of his inauguration seven states had already seceded with four more following shortly after. The Confederates seceded because they feared that slavery would be ended, and they felt it was too important to their economy. Their actions are still considered to be too severe because although Lincoln was against slavery, he was not prepared to take any direct action to stop it. He believed that if he stopped to spread of slavery then it would die out in the far future. He also believed the slaves did not believe to become American citizen and should be shipped back to Africa after they gained freedom. Abraham Lincoln said he only cared about preserving the United States of America and joining the Confederacy back to the Union. Lincoln saw Fort Sumter as the perfect opportunity to bait the Confederates into war. Fort Sumter was a Union fort in South Carolina, and President Lincoln decided to send supplies there, knowing it would upset the Confederates because it shows that the union had no plans of giving it up. The Confederates respond by firing on the fort for thirty-three hours and completely destroyed it, but not killing anyone. This is considered the first battle in the Civil War and what started the fighting. The Union people thought that it would be an easy win for them but the Confederates comes strong out of the gate. The Union was struggling with finding a general that could create the winning formula. The Union lost some key battles early on; however it filled them with passion and made them hungry for victory. Eventually Ulysses S. Grant took the reins and the Union wen t on to victory. Abraham Lincoln started his presidency with no plans to directly end slavery, and the war started with the sole intention of restoring the Union. He stated â€Å"My paramount objective is to save the union†¦ and is not either to save or destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that† (Roark 369). However as the war went on it evolved and became a fight for the freedom of the slaves. Lincoln wanted to free the slaves immediately, but there were still slave states left in the Union and if he had done anything like that they might secede too, and if he lost them he knew he could lose the war. Therefore he had to wait for the right time to declare any end of slavery. On January 1st of 1863 he decided that time was right and issued The Emancipation Proclamation which gave freedom to all the slaves in the rebelling states. Also to help keep the slave states in the Union he exempted that from the proclamation. Since the Confederation did not fall under the Union, the proclamation depended on victory for the Union. The Times in London was quoted saying â€Å"Where he has no power Mr. Lincoln will set the negroes free, where retains power he will consider them as slaves† (Roark 370). While it may appear as if they are right the thought was that as they passed invaded confederate lands and captured them they slaves would gain freedom. Lincoln waited before proclaiming emancipation this because he needed to prove his worth to the Upper South. Had he passed it earlier they would have seceded and it would have been a major loss to the Union army.

Relationship between perfectionism and social anxiety

Relationship between perfectionism and social anxiety 1.1 Introduction Perfectionism is the attitude of an individual that strives to achieve perfection in everything they do. People with perfectionism tend to outdo themselves and make sure everything is in the best form. As perfectionism strives one to be perfect, it is also taxing on the individual for they are pressured to excel, or to meet standards either imposed by others or oneself. This strive is more a common among students as they tend to excel in academic prevalence in an increasing competitive environment. Though the advantages of having this strive, there too are drawbacks, in particular, the level of social anxiety experienced by one. There a number of theorists which have discussed the potential role of perfectionism in problems of social anxiety (e.g., Heimberg Becker, 2002; Schlenker Leary, 1982), but there has been little investigation done on how perfectionist personality characteristics relate to social anxiety and its consequences. (Laurenti, Bruch Haase, 2008). Social anxiety is a disorder where one experiences higher levels of anxiety when engaged in an interaction. As such one may feel fear of being inarticulate, boring, or appearing awkward when interacting with others. According to cognitive theories of social anxiety (e.g., Schlenker Leary, 1982), reviews on interpersonal situations typically involves two aspects: an estimate of ones own abilities (i.e., social self-efficacy) and an estimate of what is an acceptable performance in that particular situation (i.e., others standards) and, presumably, it is the discrepancy between these two appraisal responses that triggers social avoidance and negative effect (Laurenti et al., 2008). Thus, this study aims to examine the relationship between perfectionism and the level of social anxiety among university students in University Putra Malaysia. This study will identify the factors which are related to perfectionism and social anxiety. These factors are referred to ones personal characteristics which include gender, personality, education stream and emotional quotient. Researching the impact of this relationship between perfectionism and social anxiety may lead to the development of an overview about the role of perfectionism in influencing the level of social anxiety among university students therefore in a way, encouraging positive social engagement among them. 1.2 Statement of the problem Is social anxiety a bad thing? Perhaps no; social anxiety can help us to be more sensitive toward others people feeling and needs which is needed in building relationships. Social anxiety will only become a problem while it is excessive or outside the norm. So what are the anxiety symptoms? What causes them to experience social anxiety? To what extent will social anxiety impact ones relationship with others? This study aims to determine the relationship between perfectionism and social anxiety among UPM students. Specifically, this study identifies factors which are related to perfectionism and social anxiety, i.e. personal characteristics (gender, education stream, personality and emotional quotient).As such we will focus on these several research questions that would guide us for the research content. How personal characteristic will influence someone perfectionism behavior? Does personal characteristic cause someone to experience social anxiety? How perfectionism will influence social anxiety? 1.3 Significance of the study The purpose of carrying out this study is to mainly determine the relationship between perfectionism and social anxiety level among students studying in UPM. Perfectionism when over done would inevitably cause nervousness or anxiety among students which in the long run will lead to stress or other serious problems such as burnout, depression or many other physiological complications. By studying this symptom among individual especially students, it may help to reduce the negative side effect of perfectionism. The study may also help individuals to cope and handle with perfectionism without adding unwanted anxiety to them. As we know that perfectionism among general people will cause signs of anxiety and stress, we want to investigate if it affects UPM students and the significance of the effect. As being a perfectionist will make a person very demanding about the standards of work done, this study will measure the amount of anxiety levels experienced by a UPM student. By measuring the anxiety levels, we will be able to understand if it causes extra stress on a UPM student and causes their performance to be affected. This study will also benefit the other students at the university level in Malaysia as it may be an indicator of how university students react to anxiety when striving to be perfect. It will help to identify the common trend among students and determine if perfectionism leads to over nervousness among students in Malaysia; which in the long run cause their performance to be affected. When perfectionism is identified early or thought correct ways to cope with it, students may be able to avoid being stressed out due to anxiety. This may help to increase the performance of university students without adding unwanted anxiety levels. 1.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: General objective: The present study aims to determine the relationship between perfectionism and social anxiety among UPM students. (Gender, program of student, personality and emotional quotient) Specific objectives: To describe personal characteristics (gender, program of student, personality and emotional quotient) of the students. To describe student perceived perfectionism. To describe the social anxiety level of the students. To determine the relationship between gender and perfectionism. To compare the difference of perfectionism across student personality. To determine the relationship between emotional quotient and perfectionism. To determine the relationship between courses of student and perfectionism. To determine the relationship between gender and social anxiety. To compare the difference of students personality across social anxiety. To determine the relationship between emotional quotient and social anxiety. To compare the difference of student courses across social anxiety. 1.5 Hypotheses: The purpose of the present study is to examine how perfectionism influences social anxiety level. Given the preceding theoretical and empirical outcomes that we had collected through the study, a number of hypotheses which reflects the association between perfectionism and social anxiety level are proposed: There is no significant relationship between gender and perfectionism level There is no significant difference in perfectionisms across students education streams There is no significant relationship between personality and perfectionism There is no significant relationship between emotional quotient and perfectionism There is no significant difference between gender and social anxiety level There is no significant difference between social anxiety levels across students education streams There is no significant difference between students personality and social anxiety level There is no significant relationship between emotional quotient and social anxiety level There is no significant relationship between perfectionism and social anxiety level Conceptual framework Antecedent Variable Personal characteristic Gender Education Stream Personality Emotional quotient Independent Variable Perfectionism Dependent Variable Social Anxiety To have a more clearly illustration of the relationship between perfectionism and social anxiety among university students in UPM, a conceptual framework is prepared above. There are three types of variables in this research which are referred to antecedent variable, independent variable and dependent variable. For the antecedent variable, it includes the personal characteristics whereby gender, education stream, personality and emotional quotient is taken into view. The independent variable refers to perfectionism while the dependent variable refers to the level of social anxiety. 1.6 Definition of terminology Perfectionism Conceptual definition: Someone who has perfectionism is a person who is not satisfied with anything unless it is completely perfect. Operational definition: For this study, we used the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) by Hewitt Flett (1991) to assess the levels of multidimensional perfectionism in students. Social anxiety Conceptual definition: It means the interaction between a human and the environment around them that causes the feeling of worrying about something. Operational definition: The social anxiety level is measured using the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) developed by Mattick Clarke (1998) which has been used to assess prevalence, severity, and treatment out-comes of social phobia and social anxiety disorders. Gender Conceptual definition: The sex of a person whether its a male or female. Operational definition: This part of information is obtained from the background questionnaire form which will be filled up by the respondent. Courses of student Conceptual definition: The stream of studies of university students whether its science or arts. Operational definition: The information will be obtained by the questionnaire which will be filled up by the respondent. Personality Conceptual definition: It refers to the university students character in how they behave towards other people. Operational definition: In this study the scale used to measure the personality is The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator by Briggs (1985). Emotional quotient Conceptual definition: This means the amount or degree of a feeling such as love, hate, or anger and how they control it. Operational definition: The emotional quotient in this study will be measured using the Emotional-Quotient Inventory which is widely used worldwide. 1.7 Limitation of the study: It is to be certain that there are some limitations with respect to the present studies that need to be acknowledged. As such the data collection might be possible that it would affect the accuracy of the results. The first limitation relates with the extent to which the findings would manage to generalize beyond the previous studies. The numbers of similar research that relates to our present study is limited. Thus, further empirical or duplication of the studies are needed to enhance the current topic and thus would further support future findings. Second limitation here would mainly relate to the small sample size and its location. The small sample size would create a possibility of the data collected to be either ending up with particularly good or particularly bad. Consequently, it is difficult to find an established significant relationship from the data collected, as the statistical method used usually requires a bigger sampling to justify that the result did not fully happen by chance alone. To note, the study will be implemented at UPM, Malaysia. The respondents focused only on university students. Participants may have differed in key ways from non-respondents. Hence, this study limits the ability to generalize the findings and does not represent the population at other places. The nature of respondents also poses a risk. It is to say that, respondents may tend to answer favorably as they perceived to want to be favorable and not be labeled as others or with having a disorder by having higher levels of social anxiety. This would hamper the significance of the result and a certain degree of discretion may be needed. Besides that, there might be other factors that influence the level of social anxiety besides perfectionism which have not been identified or taken into account in our study. To make it simple, there is the possibility that there are more relevant factors to be considered that would significantly influence the dependant variable which is the level of social anxiety. However, the studies and discussion of these other factors are beyond our scope for the present study. Therefore, it would be ideal that more factors can be encompassed within the research. Furthermore, the data collection mainly relies on survey-based information in which we believe contains a certain degree of bias. Undeniably, the response rates through this method are much more satisfactory and faster; but it is possible that other relevant methods would generate different outcomes than the survey-based candidates did. The research design also prevents us from achieving better result since the nature of the data being collect, it would be better to include even more time towards the research. Therefore, it would be best that future research be more convincing if the researchers can relate even more factors into the current study theme.

Shelley and Keats :: essays papers

Shelley and Keats Autumnal Theme in English Romantic Poetry: Shelley^Ã’s "Ode to the West Wind" and Keats^Ã’s "To Autumn." A season of autumn is traditionally associated with transience and mutability, with dying of nature and expectations of the following winter time. For Romantic poets who are known for their extraordinary sensitivity to natural moods the period of fall becomes a great force for poetic creativity. Percy Bysshe Shelley^s "Ode to the West Wind" and John Keats^s ode "To Autumn" are two beautiful poems which were blown to its authors by the English autumn ^ both poets are influenced by the seasonal process in nature which ushers them into the mood of transience and aging. However, the two of them differently perceive the same natural manifestations. The radical poet Shelley observes the deadly changes in nature caused by the autumnal wind with an expectation for the following spring and revival. In the seasonal process he sees a symbolic prototype for possible revolutionary changes both in his own life and in the existing social structure of his country. His "Ode to the West Wind" ! primarily appeals to the active sublime power of the west wind to give him that energy which is able to change the world. At the same time, another Romantic poet Keats drowsy accepts the idea of aging and accomplishment ^ in his ode "To Autumn" he celebrates fruitfulness of the autumn and bides farewell to the passing away year and together with it to his great poetry. The Romantic autumnal odes of Shelley and Keats are born from the poetic observations of natural changes and from their ability to penetrate the mood of fall which provides them a incentive for artistic creativity. In "Ode to the West Wind" Shelley mainly concentrates his attention on his observations of the death caused by the autumnal wind. He compares the "dead leaves" to "ghosts" (WW, 676/2-3), and the "winged seeds" ^ to dead bodies which "lie cold and low... within [their] grave" (WW, 676/7-8). All these images talk to the author of the "dying year" (WW, 677/24), of transience of time and of aging. Little by little his mind becomes full of "dead thoughts"(WW, 678/63) which overwhelm him after he penetrates the autumnal mood of nature ^ thus his mind generates the mood of the season and he becomes a part of it. However, observing the autumnal devastation Shelley knows that this season is not to rule over the earth forever: for him it is just a period of "darkness which waits for a redeemer" (Webb, p.178). He expects the time when "Spring shall blow"

Travels Abroad with Goethes Italian Journey :: Traveling Goethe Analysis Essays Papers

Travels Abroad with Goethe's Italian Journey Foreign travel, I think, is one of the most rewarding experiences you can have in life. You never really get a chance in life to explore who you really are and what you believe until you're able to leave your daily life and spend time in a place where everything's drastically different. Of course, not all travel is mind opening and horizon broadening. Some people just go abroad in a tourist frame of mind. The only thing they want to do when they visit somewhere else is visit famous sites, eat local food, and buy presents for those back home. Tourists really have no interest in local cultures and ways of life, and don't want to think about these things while on vacation. I admit: I've been both a traveler and a tourist in my life. Who hasn't? When I went to Disneyland, I wasn't interested in the local cultural structure and values of the inhabitants of Anaheim; I just wanted to get my picture taken with The Little Mermaid. And being a tourist is fine in its time and place, but when one goes places as a travel, ah that's when the really life changing experiences begin. This past week, my group did a presentation on the Italian Journey of Johann Wolfgang van Goethe, and while I didn't do the hardcore analysis of the literary text (I did the biography and web encoding), the topics my group discussed are still an interesting look into the character of a traveler and his discoveries abroad. What I've gathered from his diary entries is that Goethe went as a traveller and tried his best to understand the spirit of the Italian people, not just savour local wines and see the works of great Renaissance artists. He seems to be staying with Italian friends and trying to experience the daily life of inhabitants in Rome and Naples and other places he stayed. I myself have had two major experiences at being a traveler. In November 2000, I was lucky enough to be accepted on a homestay in Japan. This meant that for a week and a half I got to visit Sapporo, Japan while living with the Suzuki family and attending Nishi High School with their daughter who was about my age. Much like Goethe who had been told about Italy all his life by his father and

The English Peasant Uprising Essay -- British History

The English Peasant Uprising was motivated by a growing contempt with the government and clergy following the Black Death which was finally set off by a series of immediate social and economic causes. A shortage of workers followed the Black Death with an estimated forty-five per cent of the population dying in England . As entire towns were either deserted or left devoid of life, rural peasants increased their mobility into major cities. This shortage of rural workers led to famine as fields were left to go fallow, placing further economic pressure on the peasant classes who survived as the price of food increased. Due to the lack of labourers, the labourers who survived demanded greater wages as they now had increased leverage over employers. This ultimately led to economic inflation due to the increased labour cost to the upper classes. This was met with resistance from King Edward III and parliament, who issued the Ordinance of Labourers 1349 and the Statute of Labourers 1351 in an attempt to fix workers’ rates to that of before the Black Death and prohibit an increase in wages beyond pre-established limits . This put great stress on the peasantry as they were forced to work throughout famine for greater hours for limited pay under inflated prices and seeded an antipathy for the government. The general attitude towards the Church as an institution was also responsible for the English Peasant Uprising. At this time, the Church was still a major landowner with almost 60% of English land held by the Church . However, 40% of priests and monks died to the Black Death and the shortage of ecumenical authorities lead to good wages offered for people to step into the clergy . This lead many people unsuited to the roles of religious... ...ts Revolt of 1381. Bath: Pitman. pp. 373. Joint action against `Bad' lordship: The peasants' revolt in Essex and Norfolk. Russell, Josiah Cox (1948). British Medieval Population. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. Henderson, Ernest F. (__) Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages The Great Revolt of 1381 Anonimalle Chronicle: The English Peasants' Revolt of 1381 Charles Oman, The Great Revolt of 1381 , (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906), pp. 200-203, 205 England in the Aftermath of the Black Death GOOGLE BOOKS The English Rising of 1381 'The Peasants Revolt', in The Medieval Reader, edited by Norman Cantor (New York: Harper Collins, 1994), 284-93. E.B. Fryde, The Great Revolt of 1381, London: The Historical Association, 1981, 5-33 Peasant road to capitalism Peasant Politics and Class Consciousness: The Norfolk Rebellions of 1381 The English Peasant Uprising Essay -- British History The English Peasant Uprising was motivated by a growing contempt with the government and clergy following the Black Death which was finally set off by a series of immediate social and economic causes. A shortage of workers followed the Black Death with an estimated forty-five per cent of the population dying in England . As entire towns were either deserted or left devoid of life, rural peasants increased their mobility into major cities. This shortage of rural workers led to famine as fields were left to go fallow, placing further economic pressure on the peasant classes who survived as the price of food increased. Due to the lack of labourers, the labourers who survived demanded greater wages as they now had increased leverage over employers. This ultimately led to economic inflation due to the increased labour cost to the upper classes. This was met with resistance from King Edward III and parliament, who issued the Ordinance of Labourers 1349 and the Statute of Labourers 1351 in an attempt to fix workers’ rates to that of before the Black Death and prohibit an increase in wages beyond pre-established limits . This put great stress on the peasantry as they were forced to work throughout famine for greater hours for limited pay under inflated prices and seeded an antipathy for the government. The general attitude towards the Church as an institution was also responsible for the English Peasant Uprising. At this time, the Church was still a major landowner with almost 60% of English land held by the Church . However, 40% of priests and monks died to the Black Death and the shortage of ecumenical authorities lead to good wages offered for people to step into the clergy . This lead many people unsuited to the roles of religious... ...ts Revolt of 1381. Bath: Pitman. pp. 373. Joint action against `Bad' lordship: The peasants' revolt in Essex and Norfolk. Russell, Josiah Cox (1948). British Medieval Population. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. Henderson, Ernest F. (__) Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages The Great Revolt of 1381 Anonimalle Chronicle: The English Peasants' Revolt of 1381 Charles Oman, The Great Revolt of 1381 , (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906), pp. 200-203, 205 England in the Aftermath of the Black Death GOOGLE BOOKS The English Rising of 1381 'The Peasants Revolt', in The Medieval Reader, edited by Norman Cantor (New York: Harper Collins, 1994), 284-93. E.B. Fryde, The Great Revolt of 1381, London: The Historical Association, 1981, 5-33 Peasant road to capitalism Peasant Politics and Class Consciousness: The Norfolk Rebellions of 1381

A Raisin in the Sun – 2

In A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry, Beneatha wants to learn more about her heritage. She wants to get closer to her roots, and know more about it. The line, â€Å"How can something natural be eccentric? † (Hansberry 80 Act two Scene 1), shows off a defensive tone. This quote is said after George tells her that her natural hair looks eccentric. Her defensiveness over her hair shows her determination to be in touch with her heritage. Beneatha cut her hair because she thought it was too Caucasian looking.By Beneatha doing this it shows her determination. Beneatha, however, is not the only person with determination. Ruth, just like Beneatha, has determination. Ruth has the determination to keep her family in check, and to do what is best for them. Ruth, along with determination, has being strong as a character trait. She is expecting another baby, and is deciding whether to get an abortion or to keep the baby. â€Å"When the world gets ugly enough—a woman will do anything for her family. The part that's already living† (Hansberry 75 Act 1 Scene 2).Mama says this about Ruth to Walter when she figures ruth is going to get rid of the baby by getting an abortion. By thinking of and making this decision it shows Ruth's determination and how strong she is. Just as Mama said, a woman will do whatever it takes for her family. Later on in the play Ruth decides to keep the baby and not get the abortion. Walter has determination, as well as stubbornness. Stubbornness is a form of a strong character trait. Walter has to be pretty strong willed to be as stubborn as he is with wanting to open a liquor store with some of his buddies.Because of Walter's stubborn determination, he has been fighting with Ruth about opening a liquor store with his buddies. He plans on opening it with the insurance money that Mama is getting. Ruth and Mama both do not think that it is a good idea. Walter knows this and therefore upon knowing this his stubbornness shows. â€Å"Man say to his woman: I got me a dream. His woman say: Eat your eggs† (Hansberry 33 Act 1 Scene 1). In this part of the play Walter is telling Ruth about his idea to open the liquor store, but Ruth will not listen to him.Walter realizes this and starts to get a little defensive and stubborn about it. Therefore starting somewhat of a fight with Ruth. His defensiveness over his dream shows his determination. Just like Beneatha, Ruth and Walter, Mama has determination as well. Mama wants to keep the family together. She does not want the family to keep on fighting. Because of this determination to keep the family from fighting, and to keep them together, she goes out and buys a house with her insurance money that is in Clybourne Park. When Walter finds out he is upset about it. Son—you–you understand what I done, don’t you? I—I just seen my family falling apart today†¦ We couldn't of gone on like we was today. We was going backwards ‘ stead of forwards—talking 'bout killing babies and wishing each other was dead†¦ When it gets like that in life—you just got to do something bigger†¦ † (Hansberry 94 Act 2 Scene 1). In this quote Mama is trying to explain why she did what she did to Walter. This quote shows Mama's passion and her determination to keep her family from falling apart. Everyone has determination.In A Rasin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry; Mama, Ruth, Walter, and Beneatha all have a unique determination. Mama and Ruth both have determination to keep their family from falling apart. They both want what is best for the family. Beneatha was determined to learn more about her heritage. Walter was determined to open a liquor store. By the end of the play everything was settled and worked out. Ruth had decided to keep the baby, and they all decided to move into the house in Clybourne Park. It was a happy ending for the very determined Younger family. A Raisin in the Sun – 2 In A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry, Beneatha wants to learn more about her heritage. She wants to get closer to her roots, and know more about it. The line, â€Å"How can something natural be eccentric? † (Hansberry 80 Act two Scene 1), shows off a defensive tone. This quote is said after George tells her that her natural hair looks eccentric. Her defensiveness over her hair shows her determination to be in touch with her heritage. Beneatha cut her hair because she thought it was too Caucasian looking.By Beneatha doing this it shows her determination. Beneatha, however, is not the only person with determination. Ruth, just like Beneatha, has determination. Ruth has the determination to keep her family in check, and to do what is best for them. Ruth, along with determination, has being strong as a character trait. She is expecting another baby, and is deciding whether to get an abortion or to keep the baby. â€Å"When the world gets ugly enough—a woman will do anything for her family. The part that's already living† (Hansberry 75 Act 1 Scene 2).Mama says this about Ruth to Walter when she figures ruth is going to get rid of the baby by getting an abortion. By thinking of and making this decision it shows Ruth's determination and how strong she is. Just as Mama said, a woman will do whatever it takes for her family. Later on in the play Ruth decides to keep the baby and not get the abortion. Walter has determination, as well as stubbornness. Stubbornness is a form of a strong character trait. Walter has to be pretty strong willed to be as stubborn as he is with wanting to open a liquor store with some of his buddies.Because of Walter's stubborn determination, he has been fighting with Ruth about opening a liquor store with his buddies. He plans on opening it with the insurance money that Mama is getting. Ruth and Mama both do not think that it is a good idea. Walter knows this and therefore upon knowing this his stubbornness shows. â€Å"Man say to his woman: I got me a dream. His woman say: Eat your eggs† (Hansberry 33 Act 1 Scene 1). In this part of the play Walter is telling Ruth about his idea to open the liquor store, but Ruth will not listen to him.Walter realizes this and starts to get a little defensive and stubborn about it. Therefore starting somewhat of a fight with Ruth. His defensiveness over his dream shows his determination. Just like Beneatha, Ruth and Walter, Mama has determination as well. Mama wants to keep the family together. She does not want the family to keep on fighting. Because of this determination to keep the family from fighting, and to keep them together, she goes out and buys a house with her insurance money that is in Clybourne Park. When Walter finds out he is upset about it. Son—you–you understand what I done, don’t you? I—I just seen my family falling apart today†¦ We couldn't of gone on like we was today. We was going backwards ‘ stead of forwards—talking 'bout killing babies and wishing each other was dead†¦ When it gets like that in life—you just got to do something bigger†¦ † (Hansberry 94 Act 2 Scene 1). In this quote Mama is trying to explain why she did what she did to Walter. This quote shows Mama's passion and her determination to keep her family from falling apart. Everyone has determination.In A Rasin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry; Mama, Ruth, Walter, and Beneatha all have a unique determination. Mama and Ruth both have determination to keep their family from falling apart. They both want what is best for the family. Beneatha was determined to learn more about her heritage. Walter was determined to open a liquor store. By the end of the play everything was settled and worked out. Ruth had decided to keep the baby, and they all decided to move into the house in Clybourne Park. It was a happy ending for the very determined Younger family.